With Google being open source, why do they continuously make root harder and harder to obtain? Is this due to carrier or manufacturer pressure?
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Its pretty much entirely due to manufacturer/carrier pressure, and security.
If one has an unlocked bootloader, root is not an issue. Simply flash custom recovery and root. This is the way we would like things to be....simple.
In the case of the Moto X, Sprint and T-Mobile are the only domestic carriers that allow Moto to release BL unlock codes. AT&T and Verizon forbid it.
And come the root 'exploit'. The only reason we have root exploits is because our genius developers have managed to find a vulnerability in the code to allow us to elevate to superuser status. They seem to make people quite happy because even those whose carriers don't allow unlocking are able to achieve root, but this comes at a cost - namely security.
If a dev makes a root exploit that allows us to install superuser, then a mischievous dev can also use this same vulnerability to install malware or do all kinds of nasty things to your device. Google wants to offer a secure platform, and we should [mostly] want it to be secure.
Even the most recent 4.4.2 root exploit is rumored to have been used 'in the wild' for mischievous purposes.
So while the exploits used for root are being eliminated, so are legitimate security threats.
What it boils down to is that if root is important to you, you should buy a Developer Edition, or research to see if your carrier model is unlockable.
I.E. If you are a AT&T user, you would be better served to buy the T-Mobile Moto X, which IS unlockable (or the GSM Dev Edition)
If on Verizon, your only choice would be the Dev Edition
Now you definitely spend a little more cash going this way, but if you do it right you aren't out much. Consider this: Next time you are eligible for an upgrade, choose the device solely on the resale value. Sell it! Switch back to your old device for a short time if necessary. Once sold, use the cash to finance the Developer Edition...then you won't have to worry about root, or if another exploit will ever come along again...