I hope you have managed to recover your data as I can understand your situation as I was scratching my head a few days ago in a similar situation. After doing a lot of googling, I was able to recover the SD card with the entire data and am using the same micro sd card without formatting.
My card was not showing at all on any of my laptops and on the phone it stated blank SD card.
Step 1
You can attempt to fix it using the desktop windows' built-in chkdsk utility.
Open up command prompt (start->run->cmd.exe) and type
chkdsk /X /F
My SD card reader is F:\ drive, so i used the following command:
chkdsk /X /F F:
Either it may ask you to repair and you may follow the instructions or it may say chkdsk is not available for raw files (this is the message I got not to worry as the sd card at least shows up)
Step 2
Download the Windows version of TestDisk.
http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk
(free software)
Unzip the downloaded file to your C: drive and open C:\testdisk-7.0-WIP > right click " testdisk_win.exe" and select run as administrator (the program doesn't have to be installed).
This may take time, even hours depending on the size of your SD card, so be patient.
A. At the first window select “No Log” and press Enter.
B. Select what drive to analyse, choose “Proceed” and press Enter.
C. Select partition type – option 2 - EFI GPT and press Enter
D. Confirm at "Analyse" with Enter to proceed. The drive/partition will be analysed.
E. Confirm at "Quick Search" with Enter to proceed.
F. TestDisk should say “Structure OK”. Choose the drive/partition to fix. (OPTIONAL: Press*p*to list your files - here you can copy your files to the pc; Files listed in red are deleted entries. Go back to the previous display)
G. Press enter to proceed.
H. Select “Write” and press Enter
I. Press “Y”.
J. Press and close TestDisk. Reboot the computer.
Hope this helps and do let me know
Sent from my GT-I9295 using XDA Free mobile app