Apple and Samsung both use their own unique standards for USB charging so their devices know when they are connected to a charger capable of supplying the higher current they prefer. They do this by using a resistor voltage devider inside the charger to apply a very specific voltage to the data leads of the USB cable.
A little Googling will find examples and descriptions of the Samsung design.
There is a little plug-in, intelligent, USB adapter available that will interface Apple and Samsung devices to any charger. It senses what device you have and supplies the correct voltages on the data leads so your device thinks it's plugged into its official cherger. I think I saw it on ebay.
Edit- here is the adapter to allow using any charger with Samsung or Apple devices.
http://www.ebay.com/itm/USB-Charging-Port-Controller-Fast-charging-adapter-identificatio-For-Phone-PAD-/141342316282?pt=US_Other_Cell_Phone_Accessories&hash=item20e8a896fa
Just keep in mind that this adapter will make your tablet believe it's connected to a charger that can supply high current. If the charger cannot supply high current, it will be overloaded and it's output voltage will sag.
I don't think this will damage the Samsung tablet, but it will slow down charging and may overheat the charger.