Rooting internals

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I have a couple of internal workings of the _rooting_ process!

1) In every rooting guide I have come across, it is advised to make a backup of all important information. Which would require Titanium Backup.
But for the titanium backup to take backup of all apks and things, doesn't it require root priveleges?

2) How does the Clockwork recovery menu manage to get displayed when you reboot into the recovery mode? Is that an exploit?