So something very weird is going on.
If I boot the phone without USB plugged in, it will not charge via either USB or Qi charger. It detects the connection (battery indicator shows lightning bolt) but will not actually charge. The Indicator LED won't turn on, but will turn on red when low on battery.
If I turn the phone off, plug it into USB, let it charge while "off", and turn the phone on while it is still connected, it will charge via both USB and Qi, until I turn it off again. In Lineage, The LED under the top speaker grille will light up blue while charging.
I turned the phone off, unplugged it, and booted into bootloader. There placing it on the Qi charger shows "Battery OK (Charging)", LED not on - as there is no battery charge percentage, I can't determine if it is actually charging.
Booting from Bootloader into TWRP, there is no charging.
I turned the phone off, plugged USB in, booted it, (so charging worked), and then did an advanced reboot into recovery. TWRP shows charging. I unplugged USB and placed the phone on the Qi charger, and charging works here as well.
So, these observations lead me to believe that charging (whether USB or Qi) is only working if the phone is charging before booting it.
Is it possible that some hardware component necessary for charging (a charge controller, one could say) has to be initialized in order to allow charging, and this only happens properly when the phone is booted into "offline charging" mode, and it then stays initialized until the phone is turned off - but when the phone is turned on while "fully" off, Lineage fails to initialize this?
Do I need to reflash or am I jumping to conclusions?