No, you DON'T need to be rooted or to have xposed to update or download apps.
It's a problem on your end IMO. Please read HERE
You'll have to provide logs using adb method if you can't fix yourself your issue reading the above linked post.
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Also please try to download other apps than Google's one to be sure it's not a problem of incompatible chipset/architecture arm64/intel, etc.
I doubt it's the cause because download should work fine even if there's an architecture incompatibility. It's installation which fails in this case.
I tried "vlc for Android". Same problem.
https://labs.xda-developers.com/store/app/org.videolan.vlc
I will try to find issue with your link. Logs and all using adb.
Thanks for link.