[A][SGS2][Serial] How to talk to the Modem with AT commands

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This is a LIVE guide to communicating with your phones modem by AT commands. The information contained here is collected on a continuous basis from various places after having some trouble finding all relevant information in one place. Now this place is here, and if not please post a comment on what's missing and where to find it, if you do know.

All results in this guide have been obtained using a Samsung Galaxy S2 running a stock rooted GB 2.3.4 with PDA:XWKI4 and PHONE:XXKI1 on the 2.6.35.7 Kernel.

The key documents to have as a reference when working with the Android AT command set are found at the 3GPP site. In particular these 2 documents:

[1] The ETSI GSM 07.07 (3GPP TS 27.007) specifies AT style
commands for controlling a GSM phone or modem.
[2] The ETSI GSM 07.05 (3GPP TS 27.005) specifies AT style
commands for managing the SMS feature of GSM.

These documents exists in many different versions, so they are not all equal in content. Make sure to check what document version you are using.

Background

To better understand mobile phone modems and the underlying hardware I strongly recommend reading Harald Welte's "Anatomy of contemporary GSM cellphone hardware" [3] and Telica's "Challenges in integrating modems on Open Platforms" [4]. To summarize enormously, I can say this. On a modern Android based "smart phone", there are essentially two processors. The Application Processor (AP) where your Android operating system (AOS) and user interface (UI) lives, and the Baseband/Cellular Processor (BP/CP) where all the GSM and other high-tech communication magic happens, including the modem we wish to communicate with. In the most modern phones the BP and the AP and all possible other peripheral devices are integrated into one piece of hardware, loosely known as a Smartphone or System on a Chip (SoC). On this SoC there are a number of peripheral devices such as RTC, UARTs, SPI, I2C, USB ports, SD/MMC card controllers and an ISO7816 SIM card reader. However, to preserve the layered hardware structure, the AP and BP still communicates via UART (serial line), USB, SPI or through shared RAM and/or a combination of these. Therefore there will always be some path directly accessible from the outside that we should be able to use to communicate directly with the BP. Exactly how this is done, is mostly unknown due to the closed source and protectionisitc nature of the SoC manufacturers, to the great dismay of the developer community.

Although there are several methods for invoking and controlling modem services, the two most common are through the AT Commands (ATC) and/or through Remote Procedural Calls (RPC). The ATC method is by far the most popular and the ATC set can be categorized as follows.

Code:
Call Control:           Commands for initiating and controling calls.
Data Call Control:      Commands for controlling the data transfer and QoS.
Network Service:        Commands for Supplementary services,ME, operator
                        selection, locking and registraction.
SMS Control:            Commands for sending, notifying, setting SMS services.
ME Control & Status:    Commands for ME power,keypad,display,phonebook,RTC's.
The AOS provide support for this framwork in the Radio Interface Layer (RIL), which acts as the interface between the radio HW and the Java Applicaiton Programming Interface (API). However, the RIL is divided into 3 parts or layers if you want. (These are just arbitrary, and not GSM layers!)

L3. The Java RIL (AOS API) accessible to all but with a limited set of commands.
L2. The RIL Daemon (RILJ) acting as an interface between AOS and the Vendor RIL.
L1. The Vendor RIL, which is a closed-source and HW-specific implemetation.
L0. The OEM/Vendor modem HW and firmware then acts on the L1 ATC's. (?)

Thus the job of the RIL is to translate all the telephony requests from the Android telephony framework and map them to the corresponding AT commands to the modem, and back again.

Here are two useful pictures that try to explain the various RIL layers.

Fig.1.

Fig.2.


Finding the correct serial device for the phone modem

In your phone you will find hundreds of devices listed under /dev. Knowing which one is the serial device(s) used for communicating with your Baseband Processor's (BP) Modem, is key in getting a useful AT communication going. Here it is also good to know that there are several serial devices connected to the BP. These connections are working in parallel through a MUX. So it is very likely you will be able to use several different devices to send AT commands with.

So how do we find an appropriate local serial device on the phone? One way is of course to try to connect via some terminal application to all devices and send some AT commands and look for a response, but that is not very scientific or practical. Different phones may use different default (Modem) serial devices. One way to find the serial devices is by listing available tty drivers.

Code:
# cat /proc/tty/drivers
...
rfcomm               /dev/rfcomm         216    0-255           serial
g_serial             /dev/ttyGS          253    0               serial
ttySAC               /dev/s3c2410_serial 204    64-68           serial
serial               /dev/ttyS           4      64-67           serial
...
So what are these doing and which one should we try?
After Googling around we suspect that:

rfcomm = Used by Bluetooth serial devices
ttySAC = Used by serial SAmsung Console
g_serial = "DataRouter" (also see dun: (10,123) )

In addition and thanks to the documentation in Adam Outler's info package [5], it can be inferred from the block diagram that perhaps:

Code:
s3c2410_serial0 - UART0 - Bluetooth (ttySAC)            
s3c2410_serial1 - UART1 - GPS                                 
s3c2410_serial2 - UART2 - AP PMIC - A/S1 ??                   
s3c2410_serial3 - UART3 - AP PMIC --> AP Level Shifter --> BP UART ?? 
s3c2410_serial4 - UART4 - not used?
(PMIC = Power Management IC)

The block diagram is this one, from the SGS-2 service manual.



Connecting using: a local terminal application or the ADB shell

So from our previous results, we would suspect that we could use /dev/ttyGS0. Since Busybox contain the microcom terminal program, we can simply do:

Code:
# busybox microcom -t 5000 /dev/ttyGS0
AT
ATI
<nothing> :(
However, although the connection is successful, there is no AT reaction on that line...
[EDIT] (See notes in a later post.)


Connecting using: Windows

If you are using Windows, you can go into Device Manager (DM) to find the correct port(s) used by your phone. However, depending on whether you set your phone to be used as a "USB mass storage" device or not, there may appear different devices in the DM. Here we assume that we just physically connect the phone and do nothing more. I.e. We're not using the device as a USB storage.

Next, under the device class listed as "Modems", you will probably find at least two modem devices. For example, I have one called "HDAUDIO Soft Data Fax Modem with SmartCP", which has nothing to do with Samsung and most likely came with the computer with some bloatware. The other one is called "SAMSUNG Mobile USB Modem", which is what we want. Then right-click to open Properties of the USB Modem device and navigate to the "Diagnostics" tab. Click on the "Query Modem" to send some test AT commands to your modem. If this doesn't work, you have a problem, and I don't have an answer. The result should look something like this:

Code:
ATQ0V1E0    - OK
AT+GMM      - AT+GMM
       GT-I9100
AT+FCLASS=? - (0,8)
AT#CLS=?    - COMMAND NOT SUPPORTED
AT+GCI?     - COMMAND NOT SUPPORTED
AT+GCI=?    - COMMAND NOT SUPPORTED
ATI1 -  Manufacturer: SAMSUNG 
        Model: I9100 
        Revision: I9100XXKI1 
        IMEI: xxxxx 
ATI2 -  Manufacturer: SAMSUNG 
        Model: I9100 
        Revision: I9100XXKI1 
        IMEI: xxxxx 
...
See below for an explanation of these commands.


Now try this yourself with some terminal application. My personal favorite is the free and fully feature loaded "RealTerm". In the Display tab, use ANSI and check the "newLine mode" box, then in the Port tab, find your port as listed in Device Manager. For example, for me the modem port is located on COM port 12. This is listed as "12=\ssudmdm0000" in RealTerm.


Connecting using: Cygwin (on Windows)

First thing to know about using Cygwin, is that the windows COMn ports are addressed as /dev/ttyS[n-1], thus if you have connected your phone with a USB cable, and you find it is connected to COM port 12, then it will be accessible only through /dev/ttyS11 under Cygwin. Other terminal applications may use different ports. In addition you need to have installed/compiled some terminal program like: picocom, microcom or cu etc. Also make sure the COM port is not already occupied by another terminal program.

$ picocom /dev/ttyS11
...

This works as expected.

Some basic AT command structure

I'm not going to say much about the AT commands themselves, as they are almost as old as home computers themselves. However, let's have a brief look at the "Modem Query" above.

Code:
ATQ0V1E0
- This is actually a concatenation of the 3 commands: 
  (ATQ0 + ATV1 + ATE0) where:
  ATQ0 - Disables echo suppression
  ATV1 - Enables Verbose command results mode
  ATE0 - Turns off local Echo

AT+GMM  
- This one doesn't work in direct serial mode (!) and 
  is equivalent to AT+CGMM which shows the device model 
  identification. (I9100)

AT+FCLASS=? 
- This queries the phone (TA) mode: (data, fax, voice etc.)

ATI     
- This lists: Manufacturer, Model, Revision, IMEI


NOTE
: AT commands can be concatenated on one line with each line starting with AT, and each command separated by ";". In some cases the semicolon is not needed. Typically a command without "=" or "?" is a general command, that sets or gets some parameters. But any command with "=" is a setting command, unless it is directly followed by "?", in which case you are querying the available/allowed parameters and their range. If the command is followed by "?" without a "=" it is a query, asking the values for something.

WARNING!
DO NOT SEND RANDOM COMMANDS/CHARACTERS TO YOUR PHONE MODEM

Many AT commands can easily wipe or brick your phone or SIM card!
I am in no way responsible for anyone bricking their phones, and
I cannot help you if you do so. So you better know exactly what you
send before you send anything at all.

General AT command list extracted from 3GPP TS 27.007

Here is a list with general AT commands and a brief description of their functions and the document section they are found at. The document version I used for the info extraction is shown on the first line.

Note: Several of these commands are deprecated or simply not available on the Android/Samsung phone modems, at least not int he form shown in that document.

Code:
3GPP TS 27.007 Release 9 145 V9.4.0 (2010-06)

AT+CAAP         7.25            -  Automatic answer for eMLPP Service 
AT+CACM         8.25            -  Accumulated call meter 
AT+CAEMLPP      7.22            -  eMLPP Priority Registration and Interrogation 
AT+CAHLD        11.1.3          -  Leave an ongoing Voice Group or Voice Broadcast Call 
AT+CAJOIN       11.1.1          -  Accept an incoming Voice Group or Voice Broadcast Call 
AT+CALA         8.16            -  Alarm 
AT+CALCC        11.1.6          -  List current Voice Group and Voice Broadcast Calls 
AT+CALD         8.38            -  Delete alarm 
AT+CALM         8.20            -  Alert sound mode 
AT+CAMM         8.26            -  Accumulated call meter maximum 
AT+CANCHEV      11.1.8          -  NCH Support Indication 
AT+CAOC         7.16            -  Advice of Charge 
AT+CAPD         8.39            -  Postpone or dismiss an alarm 
AT+CAPTT        11.1.4          -  Talker Access for Voice Group Call 
AT+CAREJ        11.1.2          -  Reject an incoming Voice Group or Voice Broadcast Call 
AT+CAULEV       11.1.5          -  Voice Group Call Uplink Status Presentation 
AT+CBC          8.4             -  Battery charge 
AT+CBCAP        8.59            -  Battery Capacity 
AT+CBCHG        8.61            -  Battery Charger Status 
AT+CBCON        8.60            -  Battery Connection Status 
AT+CBCS         11.3.2          -  VBS subscriptions and GId status 
AT+CBKLT        8.51            -  Backlight 
AT+CBST         6.7             -  Select bearer service type 
AT+CCFC         7.11            -  Call forwarding number and conditions 
AT+CCHC         8.46            -  Close Logical Channel 
AT+CCHO         8.45            -  Open Logical Channel 
AT+CCLK         8.15            -  Clock 
AT+CCUG         7.10            -  Closed user group 
AT+CCWA         7.12            -  Call waiting 
AT+CCWE         8.28            -  Call Meter maximum event 
AT+CDIP         7.9             -  Called line identification presentation 
AT+CDIS         8.8             -  Display control 
AT+CEAP         8.47            -  EAP authentication 
AT+CEER         6.10            -  Extended error report 
AT+CEMODE       10.1.28         -  UE modes of operation for EPS 
AT+CEPTT        11.1.10         -  Short Data Transmission during ongoing VGCS 
AT+CEREG        10.1.22         -  EPS network registration status 
AT+CERP         8.48            -  EAP Retrieve Parameters 
AT+CFCS         7.24            -  Fast call setup conditions 
AT+CFUN         8.2             -  Set phone functionality 
AT+CGACT        10.1.10         -  PDP context activate or deactivate 
AT+CGATT        10.1.9          -  PS attach or detach 
AT+CGCLASS      10.1.17         -  GPRS mobile station class 
AT+CGCLOSP      10.1.13         -  Configure local Octet Stream PAD parameters 
AT+CGCMOD       10.1.11         -  PDP Context Modify 
AT+CGCONTRDP    10.1.23         -  PDP Context Read Dynamic Parameters 
AT+CGCS         11.3.1          -  VGCS subscriptions and GId status 
AT+CGDATA       10.1.12         -  Enter data state 
AT+CGDCONT      10.1.1          -  Define PDP Context 
AT+CGDSCONT     10.1.2          -  Define Secondary PDP Context 
AT+CGEQOS       10.1.26         -  Define EPS Quality Of Service 
AT+CGEQOSRDP    10.1.27         -  EPS Quality Of Service Read Dynamic Parameters 
AT+CGEREP       10.1.19         -  Packet Domain event reporting 
AT+CGLA         8.43            -  Generic UICC Logical Channel access 
AT+CGMI         5.1             -  Request manufacturer identification 
AT+CGMM         5.2             -  Request model identification 
AT+CGMR         5.3             -  Request revision identification 
AT+CGREG        10.1.20         -  GPRS network registration status 
AT+CGSMS        10.1.21         -  Select service for MO SMS messages 
AT+CGSN         5.4             -  Request product serial number identification 
AT+CGTFT        10.1.3          -  Traffic Flow Template 
AT+CGTFTRDP     10.1.25         -  Traffic Flow Template Read Dynamic Parameters 
AT+CHLD         7.13            -  Call related supplementary services 
AT+CHSC         6.15            -  HSCSD current call parameters 
AT+CHSD         6.12            -  HSCSD device parameters 
AT+CHSR         6.16            -  HSCSD parameters report 
AT+CHST         6.13            -  HSCSD transparent call configuration 
AT+CHSU         6.17            -  HSCSD automatic user initiated upgrading 
AT+CHUP         6.5             -  Hangup call 
AT+CIMI         5.6             -  Request international mobile subscriber identity 
AT+CIND         8.9             -  Indicator control 
AT+CKPD         8.7             -  Keypad control 
AT+CLAC         8.37            -  List all available AT commands 
AT+CLAE         8.31            -  Language Event 
AT+CLAN         8.30            -  Set Language 
AT+CLCC         7.18            -  List current calls 
AT+CLCK         7.4             -  Facility lock 
AT+CLIP         7.6             -  Calling line identification presentation 
AT+CLIR         7.7             -  Calling line identification restriction 
AT+CLVL         8.23            -  Loudspeaker volume level 
AT+CMAR         8.36            -  Master Reset 
AT+CMEC         8.6             -  Mobile Termination control mode 
AT+CMEE         9.1             -  Report mobile termination error 
AT+CMER         8.10            -  Mobile Termination event reporting 
AT+CMOD         6.4             -  Call mode 
AT+CMOLR        8.50            -  Mobile Originated Location Request 
AT+CMOLRE       9.1             -  Report mobile originated location request error 
AT+CMOLRE       9.3             -  Mobile termination error result code 
AT+CMTLR        8.57            -  Mobile Terminated Location Request notification 
AT+CMUT         8.24            -  Mute control 
AT+CMUX         5.7             -  Multiplexing mode 
AT+CNAP         7.30            -  Calling name identification presentation 
AT+CNUM         7.1             -  Subscriber number 
AT+COLP         7.8             -  Connected line identification presentation 
AT+COLR         7.31            -  Connected line identification restriction status 
AT+COPN         7.21            -  Read operator names 
AT+COPS         7.3             -  PLMN selection 
AT+COTDI        11.1.9          -  Originator to Dispatcher Information 
AT+CPAS         8.1             -  Phone activity status 
AT+CPBF         8.13            -  Find phonebook entries 
AT+CPBR         8.12            -  Read phonebook entries 
AT+CPBS         8.11            -  Select phonebook memory storage 
AT+CPBW         8.14            -  Write phonebook entry 
AT+CPIN         8.3             -  Enter PIN 
AT+CPLS         7.20            -  Selection of preferred PLMN list 
AT+CPNET        7.27            -  Preferred network indication 
AT+CPNSTAT      7.28            -  Preferred network status 
AT+CPOL         7.19            -  Preferred PLMN list 
AT+CPOS         8.55            -  Positioning Control 
AT+CPOSR        8.56            -  Positioning Reporting 
AT+CPPS         7.23            -  eMLPP subscriptions 
AT+CPROT        8.42            -  Enter protocol mode
AT+CPSB         7.29            -  Current Packet Switched Bearer 
AT+CPUC         8.27            -  Price per unit and currency table 
AT+CPWC         8.29            -  Power class 
AT+CPWD         7.5             -  Change password 
AT+CR           6.9             -  Service reporting control 
AT+CRC          6.11            -  Cellular result codes 
AT+CREG         7.2             -  Network registration 
AT+CRLA         8.44            -  Restricted UICC Logical Channel access 
AT+CRLP         6.8             -  Radio link protocol 
AT+CRMC         8.34            -  Ring Melody Control 
AT+CRMP         8.35            -  Ring Melody Playback 
AT+CRSL         8.21            -  Ringer sound level 
AT+CRSM         8.18            -  Restricted SIM access 
AT+CSCC         8.19            -  Secure control command 
AT+CSCS         5.5             -  Select TE character set 
AT+CSDF         6.22            -  Settings date format 
AT+CSGT         8.32            -  Set Greeting Text 
AT+CSIL         6.23            -  Silence Command 
AT+CSIM         8.17            -  Generic SIM access 
AT+CSNS         6.19            -  Single numbering scheme 
AT+CSQ          8.5             -  Signal quality 
AT+CSSAC        7.32            -  Service Specific Access Control restriction status 
AT+CSSN         7.17            -  Supplementary service notifications 
AT+CSTA         6.1             -  Select type of address 
AT+CSTF         6.24            -  Settings time format 
AT+CSVM         8.33            -  Set Voice Mail Number 
AT+CTFR         7.14            -  Call deflection 
AT+CTZR         8.41            -  Time Zone Reporting 
AT+CTZU         8.40            -  Automatic Time Zone Update 
AT+CUAD         8.49            -  UICC Application Discovery 
AT+CUSD         7.15            -  Unstructured supplementary service data 
AT+CVHU         6.20            -  Voice Hangup Control 
AT+CVIB         8.22            -  Vibrator mode 
AT+CVMOD        6.4             -  Voice Call Mode 
AT+FCLASS       C.2.1           -  Select mode 
AT+VBT          C.2.2           -  Buffer threshold setting 
AT+VCID         C.2.3           -  Calling number ID presentation 
AT+VGR          C.2.4           -  Receive gain selection 
AT+VGT          C.2.5           -  Transmit gain selection 
AT+VIP          C.2.6           -  Initialise voice parameters 
AT+VIT          C.2.7           -  Inactivity timer 
AT+VLS          C.2.8           -  Line selection 
AT+VRX          C.2.9           -  Receive data state 
AT+VSM          C.2.10          -  Select compression method 
AT+VTD          C.2.12          -  Tone duration 
AT+VTS          C.2.11          -  DTMF and tone generation 
AT+VTX          C.2.13          -  Transmit data state
Questions and Help Needed

Q1: What is the correct device on the SGS2, for ATC communication to the modem?

Q2: How and where is this device selected/configured?

Q3: What do the various Proprietary AT commands (AT+X...) do?

Q4: Where can I find more documentation on the BP/CP?
References:

[1] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/27007.htm
[2] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/27005.htm
[3] Harald Welte's "Anatomy of contemporary GSM cellphone hardware"
http://laforge.gnumonks.org/papers/gsm_phone-anatomy-latest.pdf
[4] Telica's White Paper: "Challenges in integrating modems on Open Platforms"
http://teleca.com/Home/news_room/Whitepapers.aspx
[5] Adam Outler's "The all-in-one Galaxy S2 Hack Pack"
[6] Fabien Sanglard's non-blog: "Tracing the baseband":
http://fabiensanglard.net/cellphoneModem/index2.php
[7] "Android Application Development" (Android Telephony Internals, Ch.15.2),
R.Rogers/J.Lombardo, O'Reilly Media 2009
http://androidapps.org.ua/i_sect18_d1e18369.html


Keywords: AT Commands, Modem, Terminal, CDC-ACM, RIL, Serial, UART

If you like this work, please hit the thank you button!
 
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The GT-I9100 Baseband Processor (BP/CP) Specifications

Currently I have got two different specifications regarding what BP is used in the SGS2, most likely due to the different versions available of the SGS2 in Europe vs. USA. The ones I have are:

  1. Intel/Infineon XMM6260 is the "platform" that consists of:

    a) The X-GOLD 626 (ARM1176?, 40nm) baseband processor
    b) The SMARTi UE2 RF-transceiver (65nm CMOS)
    c) The 3GPP Release 7 HSPA+ protocol stack with:
    Downlink: Category 14, Uplink: Category 7
    d) Alternative Names*: Infineon IFX6260 = Intel IMC6260 = Intel XMM6260
    e) Picture: http://www.infineon.com/export/sites/default/media/press/Image/press_photo/X-GOLD626.jpg
    f) Datasheet: N/A :(
    g) Most likely used in European phones
    h) is apparently also present in the iPhone 4S.. (check!)
    i) Closest available documentation:.
  2. Qualcomm QSC6085 (65nm,424 CSP, 12x12mm) contain:

    a) BP: ARM926EJS @ 192 MHz
    b) + QDSP @ 96 MHz (also on BP)
    c) Modem: IS-95 A/B, 1X Rel.0, EVDOr0, EVDOrA
    d) is apparently also present in the "Verizon Wireless USB760 Modem"
    e) Picture: N/A
    f) Datasheet: N/A :(
    g) Most likely used in North American (US) phones (CDMA)
*It should be noted that Infineon Technologies (Wireless Division) has been acquired by Intel Mobile Communications, in early 2011.

In fact these two differences just made a whole lot of sense from the available AT command sets. Basically the modem specific AT commands immediately give up the manufacturer of the modem firmware. (Yes, competing OEM developers do work together!) Because the command sets usually consists of 3 types.

  • The old school "Hayes" AT standard given by ETSI GSM 07.07.
  • Vendor Proprietary AT commands, specific for each OEM.
  • Carrier Proprietary AT commands, specific to some service providers. (E.g. AT&T, Sprint, T-mobile, Verizon etc.)
So for our 2 modem cases above we have the obvious Proprietary AT extensions:
Qualcomm QSCnnnn: AT$Q<something>
Intel/Infineon XMMnnnn: AT+X<something>
which indeed confirms the BP of my SGS2. Obviously there is a far easier way to reach this conclusion...
---------------------------------------------------------------
TIPS!
To see what baseband processor you have,
you can enter into ServiceMode and check.
This should always work as many ServiceMode
functions are directly modem dependent.

---------------------------------------------------------------
Why? Because the ServiceMode application
actually reside in the modem firmware!
Do this:
Dial: *#197328640#
Code:
MAIN MENU:
...
[2] VERSION INFO. -->
        [1] SW VERSION -->
                [5] READ ALL SW VERSION:
                ...
        ======>[COLOR=Red] IFX [/COLOR]SW VER: [COLOR=Red]SP6260[/COLOR]_U1_01.1135
                ...
This implies the phone is using software for the (Infineon) IFX 6260...
But the ServiceMode is just talking to the modem, so you can get the
same information by opening an (external) terminal shell and send
the following ATC:
Code:
[B]AT+XGENDATA[/B]

+XGENDATA: "    [COLOR=Red]SP6260[/COLOR]_U1_01.1135_DB110831 2011-Sep-2 18:14:20                  
    PDB_NOT_AVAILABLE                                                           
*SP6260_U1_01.1135_DB110831*"                                                   
                                                                                
"*" 
OK
Here is the FBGA pin-out of that chip:
Fig.4.


A small addendum about the SMARTi UE2 chip

The BP is communicating with the RF-tranceiver chip called SMARTi UE2
(labelled "5712"), using a communication interface that corresponds to
the (MIPI) DigRF 3G (V.3.09) standard. Through this protocol the BP
(or other device) can also control some aspects of the RF to some
minor extent. But without the proper specifications of the 5712, it
may also contain other interfaces...

The DigRF connections:
Fig.5.

The SMARTi UE2 chip:
Fig.6.

Here are more link for the interested reader:

General DigRF info:
http://www.mipi.org/specifications/digrfsm-specifications
http://www.mipi.org/sites/default/files/Specification Overview final.pdf
http://electronicdesign.com/article/test-and-measurement/digrf-faqs19953.aspx

The DigRF protocol details:
http://www.siliconreleasesolutions.com/pdf/DigRF-TMWorld0509-FINAL.pdf
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/53386199/DigRF-BASEBAND-RF-DIGITAL-INTERFACE-SPECIFICATION
 
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Complete AT command list for Samsung Galaxy S2 (GB 2.3.4, KI4)

These were obtained by sending the "list all available AT commands" request: AT+CLAC .
Their functions have been collected from many different sources, none of which originates
from Samsung. Thus many ATC's are marked with one or more "?" to signify the uncertainty.

The standard AT set as shown in the OP, I have not bothered to describe here.

Code:
ATA                             - Answer
ATD                             - Dial ...
ATE                             - Enable command echo (0=disable, 1=enable)
ATH                             - ??? Hangup/Hook
ATO                     ??      - Return to Online Data Mode
ATQ                             - Result code supression 
ATS                             - Command line termination?     S[3,4,5]
ATV                             - Command response format (0=Numerical, 1=Verbose)
ATX                             - Result code format for CONNECT        Mfg!
ATZ                             - Reset Modem (...)
ATl                             - 
ATm                             - 

AT&C                    ?       - (Received line signal detector) Behaviour
AT&D                    ?       - (Data terminal ready) Behaviour
AT&F                    ?       - Restore Factory Default Configuration

AT\Q                    ?       - Local flow control selection

AT+CACM
AT+CAMM
AT+CAOC
AT+CBC
AT+CBST
AT+CCFC
AT+CCHC
AT+CCHO                         - Open Logical Channel
AT+CCID                         - SIM Serial Number
AT+CCLK                         - Realtime clock
AT+CCUG
AT+CCWA
AT+CCWE
AT+CEER         
AT+CFUN         *               ? This command selects the level of  functionality <fun> in the MS. Only some values of<fun> are  allowed (see Defined values).

AT+CGACT                        - 
AT+CGATT                        - 
AT+CGAUTO                       - 
AT+CGCLASS                      - 
AT+CGCMOD                       - 
AT+CGDATA                       - 
AT+CGDCONT                      - 
AT+CGDSCONT                     - 
AT+CGEQMIN                      - 
AT+CGEQNEG                      - 
AT+CGEQREQ                      - 
AT+CGEREP       *               - Packet Domain event reporting
AT+CGLA                 E       - Generic UICC Logical Channel access
AT+CGMI                         - Request manufacturer identification 
AT+CGMM                         - Request model identification
AT+CGMR                         - Request revision identification
AT+CGPADDR                      - 
AT+CGQMIN                       - 
AT+CGQREQ                       - 
AT+CGREG        *               - GPRS network registration status                              AT+CGREG=2;+CGREG?
AT+CGSMS                        - 
AT+CGSN         *               - Request product serial number identification (IMEI)
AT+CGTFT

AT+CHLD
AT+CHUP                         - Hangup call
AT+CIMI         *               - Request international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)
AT+CLAC                         - List all available AT commands
AT+CLAN
AT+CLCC
AT+CLCK
AT+CLIP
AT+CLIR
AT+CMEE                         - Report mobile termination error (+CME) verbosity mode (0,1,2)
AT+CMGC
AT+CMGD
AT+CMGF
AT+CMGL
AT+CMGR
AT+CMGS
AT+CMGW
AT+CMMS
AT+CMOD
AT+CMSS
AT+CMUX                         - Set multiplexing protocol control channel mode(s)
AT+CNAP
AT+CNMA
AT+CNMI         *               - This command selects the procedure,  how receiving of new SMS from network is indicated to the TE
AT+CNUM
AT+COLP
AT+COLR
AT+CONNECTPORT
AT+COPN
AT+COPS                         - 
AT+CPAS
AT+CPIN
AT+CPIN2
AT+CPLS
AT+CPMS
AT+CPOL
AT+CPUC
AT+CPWD
AT+CPWROFF
AT+CR
AT+CRC
AT+CREG
AT+CRES
AT+CRLA                 ?       - Restricted UICC Logical Channel access
AT+CRLP         *               - Radio link protocol
AT+CRSM
AT+CSAS
AT+CSCA
AT+CSCB
AT+CSCS
AT+CSDH
AT+CSIM
AT+CSMP
AT+CSMS
AT+CSQ                          - Signal Quality
AT+CSSN
AT+CSTA
AT+CSVM
AT+CTFR
AT+CTZR
AT+CTZU
AT+CUAD                         - UICC Application Discovery
AT+CUSD
AT+CVHU

AT+FCLASS                       - Select mode: put TA into mode: (data, fax, voice etc.)
AT+IPR                          - This command specifies the data rate  at which the DCE will accept commands. The full range of data rate  values may be reduced dependent on HW or other criteria.
AT+NEER                         
AT+TRACE        *               ? (see: +XSIO) This command controls the  trace; it allows selecting the trace mode, method and the trace data  transfer rate. 
AT+VTD                          
AT+VTS                          

AT+XAACOPS                      ?
AT+XAPP         *       !       - Known buffer overflow in Iphone 4S  (unsigned code execution):  Probably used to send executable code  (application) to BB! 
AT+XBANDSEL                     ? This command allows to switch from  automatic band selection to selection of one or more (up to four) bands.
AT+XCALLSTAT    *               ? Set reporting call status: This  command allows enabling / disabling the reporting voice call status on  DTE using an unsolicited result code +XCALLSTAT:  <call_id><stat>.
AT+XCEER                        ?
AT+XCGCLASS                     ?? Changing the startup MS Mobile class ("B", "CC")
AT+XCONFIG              +       ?? This command allows the configuration of DLCs (Data Logical Channels). (see +XMUX)
AT+XCOPS                        ? Display of the most adapted name of  the network.The command parameter <type> allows requesting the  name type which shall be displayed.
AT+XCSP                         ? This command reads the customer  service profile (CSP) from the SIM. The CSP indicates the services that  are user accessible.
AT+XCSPAGING                    ? This command allows enable/disable the  circuit switching paging. The command has an effect only when used  before +COPS or +CGATT.     
AT+XCSSMS                       ? Initiate Resending of SMS over CS if GPRS Fails
AT+XCTMS                        ? This command allows to set the TTY/CTM  behavior. The selected setting is stored also in NVRAM and remains  valid also after switch off the mobile
AT+XDATACHANNEL                 ? This command configures the channel over which CSD or GPRS data shall be routed.
AT+XDLCTEST                     ?
AT+XDNS                         ? This command enables / disables a  dynamic DNS (Domain Name Service) request before context activation.
AT+XDTMF                        ? This command allows setting the value  of SEND DTMF user setting that controls whether the DTMF tone generation  on request from SIM-TK is allowed.
AT+XEER                         ?
AT+XEONS                        ? displays the list of available  networks with details like long operator name, short operator name,  MCC/MNC, Long EONS name, Short EONS name for each PLMN.
AT+XFDOR                        ? Trigger Fast Dormancy
AT+XFDORT                       ? Set Fast Dormancy Timer
AT+XGAUTH                       ? This proprietary command allows to  enter the type of authentication for a user-name (using a password) for  the specified PDP context
AT+XGENDATA                     ? This command requests the software version and generation data.
AT+XHOMEZR                      ? This Set command enables and disables  the home zone change event reporting. If the reporting is enabled; the  MT returns the unsolicited result code +XHOMEZR: <label> whenever  the home zone is changed.
AT+XHSDUPA                      ? This command configures the mode of  HSDPA and HSUPA (by changing the appropriate dynamic NVRAM parameter)
AT+XL1SET                       ? Call the L1-specific function
AT+XLEMA                        ??? Emergency number list (Ofono)
AT+XLIN                         ? This command sets the current line.
AT+XLOG         *       !       - Known buffer overflow in Iphone 4S  (unsigned code execution) ? This command allows displaying the  exceptions stored in NVRAM on DTE. The MS-error LOG is contained in a  response code formatted as +XLOG:  <num>,<code>,<file>,<line>,<count> or an  other appropriate format as specified below.
AT+XMER                         ? Enables or disables sending of  unsolicited result codes from the MS to the DTE when the battery charge  level or the radio signal level crosses a defined threshold.
AT+XMUX                 +       ? Multiplexing mode: This command configures the GSM 07.10 multiplexing protocol. 
AT+XNOTIFYDUNSTATUS             ??? (LG) This command is used to notify DNS setting status
AT+XNVMMCC                      ?
AT+XNVMPLMN                     ?
AT+XPINCNT                      - This command reads the remaining attempts for SIM PIN, SIM PIN2, SIM PUK and SIM PUK2.        
AT+XPOW                         ? This command sets the powersaving-mode.
AT+XPROGRESS                    ? This command allows enabling /  disabling the display of an unsolicited result code + XPROGRESS:  <cin> (call number indication), <status> on DTE while a call  is in progress.
AT+XRAT                         ? This command forces the selection of the Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the protocol stack.
AT+XREDIAL                      ? Enabling of automatic redialing if the called party was busy.
AT+XREG                 !       ? Involved in the iPhone unlock hacks...
AT+XRXDIV       *               ? This command is used to allow external  control of the Rx Diversity feature during runtime.            
AT+XSETCAUSE                    ?
AT+XSIMSTATE                    ? Display SIM and Phonelock Status  (write at+xsimstate=1 to turn on, at+xsimstate=0 to turn off) 
AT+XSIO         *               ? This command allows the configuration  of the modem-interface (AT), trace-interface, IrDA interface and  MUX-interface by setting the variant number.
AT+XSMS                         ? Detection of Signal DR_SM_FINISHED_IND
AT+XSVM                         ? This command allows to set the voice mail server number.
AT+XSYSTRACE                    ?
AT+XTESM                        ?
AT+XTRACECONFIG                 ?
AT+XUBANDSEL                    ?
AT+XUICC                        - Checks for UICC Card, whether the current SIM is a 2G or 3G sim.
AT+XVTS                         -
As you can see there are quite a few OEM commands here, whose functions I have not been able to
figure out yet. Please post if you know anything or have any documentation on these. They all
start with: AT+X<something>. There are also others that, that are not documented at all, AFAIK.
[2012-02-05]

On this list, the most interesting ATC's for our purposes are AT+XSIO and AT+XTRACE as described here:
Code:
[B]AT+XSIO[/B]         This command allows the configuration of the modem-interface (AT), 
                trace-interface, IrDA interface and MUX-interface by setting the 
                variant number.

                • Set command allows the configuration of the modem-interface (AT), trace-interface, IrDA interface and
                  MUX-interface by setting the variant number. The set variant number becomes active only after a reset
                • Read command allows seeing which is the current variant and which is the requested variant. A star marks
                  the active variant.
                • Test command returns the possible and customizable variants.

Defined values:
                <requested>     requested variant, which may be in range 0-255
                <active>        currently active variant, which may be in range 0-255
                <AT-interface>  NULL, UART0, …, UARTn
                <Trace>         NULL, UART0, …, UARTn
                <MUX>           1-x
                <IrDA>          NULL, UART0, …, UARTn
Example:

[B]AT+XSIO=?[/B]                                                                       

+XSIO: [SP62XX_es1] Variant=0:  AT= USART2 USB[03]; BB-Trace= USB1; 3G-Trace= USB2; OCT= USB6;                                                                  
+XSIO: Variant=1 :  AT= USART2 USB[03]; BB-Trace= TADO0; 3G-Trace= TADO1; OCT= USB1;                                                                            
+XSIO: Variant=2 :  AT= USART2 USB[01]; BB-Trace= BG0; 3G-Trace= BG1;           
+XSIO: Variant=3 :  AT= USB[01]; BB-Trace= USART2; 3G-Trace= USIF5; OCT= USB6;  
+XSIO: Variant=4 :  AT= USART2 USB[01]; BB-Trace=/bbt/0; 3G-Trace=/3gt/0;       

[B]AT+XSIO? [/B]                                                                       

+XSIO: 0, *0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[B]AT+TRACE[/B]        This command controls the trace; it allows selecting the trace mode,
                method and the trace data transfer rate. 

                • Set command switches the trace on or off. It allows the trace mode, method and the trace data transfer rate.
                • Read command allows seeing the current set mode value along with the speed, i.e. data transfer rate. It also
                  allows knowing which traceable unit is on or off.
                • Test command returns all the possible values of mode, data transfer rate, traceable unit, their mode and
                  power saving countdown.

Command Syntax:
                
AT+TRACE=[<mode>],[<speed>],[<unit>=<umode>],[<method>],[PowerSavingCountdown]

Defined Valuse:

<mode>  may be
0       switch trace off
1       switch trace on (all kinds of traces are switched on)
128     This value can not be entered, it is only displayed via read 
        syntax if trace configuration is done by unitdefinitions
        the last time. See <umode> & <unit> for trace configuration;

<unit>=<umode>
<unit> indicates a traceable unit as follows:

St stack
Pf printf
Bt Bluetooth
Ap apoxi
Db debug
Lt LLT (Low Level Trace)
Li LwIP (Lightweight TCP/IP Stack)
Ga GATE (3rd Party Software Decoding with a Windows DLL)

<umode> defines whether the unit related trace is on or off and can have the values:

0 unit-trace off
1 unit-trace on

<method> sting type indicating the trace method with possible values:

"BTM" byte stuffing trace method
"EBTM" extended byte stuffing trace method

<PowerSavingCountdown> 
        Integer value indicating the power saving countdown 
        value in units of milliseconds. The maximum valid value is
        30000.

Example:

[B]AT+TRACE? [/B]                                                                      
+TRACE: 1,921600,"ap=1;st=1;db=1;pr=1;bt=1,lt=1;li=1;ga=1;ae=1","DTM",0
[2012-02-14]

Additional hidden AT commands on the SGS-2

Runing strings on the stock /system/bin/drexe , you will find the following AT commands embedded.
These are probably not directly supported by Modem, but rather interpreted by drexe, as
they're not present in the +CLAC list. In addition, some of them just don't work and maybe only
provided for backward compatibility for other devices and modems.

Code:
AT+APPLIST
AT+AUTHKEY=
AT+BATGETLEVEL?
AT+CERTKEY
AT+CGMM
AT+CGSN
AT+CGTEMR=NewPCStudio
AT+DEVAUTH
AT+DEVCONINFO
AT+DISSTRNO=
AT+FOTALOC?
AT+FOTAREADY?
AT+FOTASTART
AT+FUS?
AT+GMM
AT+GSN
AT+HIDSWVER
AT+IMEINUM
AT+PASSWORDINPUT
AT+PRODUCTCODE
AT+PROF=
AT+SECUKEY
AT+SUDDLMOD=
AT+SUPPORTFUS
AT+SWVER
AT+SYNCML=MOBEXSTART
AT+SYNCML=MOBEXSTOP
[2012-02-09]
 
Last edited:

Rebellos

Senior Recognized Developer
May 13, 2009
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Very good to read, thanks for linking me that. :)
But just to correct - AT is abit deprecated interface in SGS, SGS2 and similiar models. It can be used to control modem directly from PC (not sure if PC is really directly talking to modem or to part of Android's HALs, which is then talking to modem, for eg. USB-UART multiplexer in I9000 and S8500/S8530 is capable to switch phone MicroUSB port between AP USB/UART and CP USB/UART.
The main controlling interface used in above models is RPC through oneDRAM shared-memory area. You can find devices like "dpram", "onedram", "modemctl" in kernel - these are critical for proper working of modem. Even if RIL is using AT commands, it does send them through RPC.
AP-CP UART connection seems to be used only for early booting stage (at least in I9000 and S8500, haven't analysed I9100 but guess that's similiar)


Ad1. There may be no real ability to communicate with modem directly on SGS2 and AT responses you are getting may be from Android, working on AP only, not AMSS (Advanced Mobile Subscriber Software - RTOS working on Qualcomm's CP)

Ad4. These datasheets are most guarded secrets of manufacturers. Only single, incomplete manuals leak from Qualcomm, not really useful. Also AP-CP RPC protocol is proprietary of Samsung, they got AMSS sources from Qualcomm and they are adding their own drivers there.

Oh yes, I gave Qualcomm as example, but is CP in SGS2 Qualcomm? It wasn't QC product on SGS1 but tbh it is also very closed source.

While AP-CP low level protocol is opensource (you can find it in dpram/onedram/modemctl drivers in kernel), higher level of that layer - compiled into sec-RIL, is not.
AP-CP protocol is different between I9000 and S8500 (general concept remains the same, just it has been rewriten so packet types and structures are different), but if you are interested - we're creating opensource RIL for S8000/S8500/S8530/S8600 device series, supposed to work with Android ports for them - http://code.google.com/p/bada-modemril/ (branch experimental-MochaIPC)
 

solarj

Member
Nov 5, 2008
18
4
As I understand, SGS2 use intel's xmm6260 platform, which might also contain it's own interface/firmware etc.

As long as the modem works well, there is little need to dig into the details of how ril communicate with modem, but when the modem does not work as it should (In my case it refused to register on only one specific mobile operator), an AT command which can do a factory reset of the modem might be helpful
 

E:V:A

Inactive Recognized Developer
Dec 6, 2011
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EDIT: 2012-02-01

... not sure if PC is really directly talking to modem or to part of Android's HALs, which is then talking to modem, for eg. USB-UART multiplexer in I9000 and S8500/S8530 is capable to switch phone MicroUSB port between AP USB/UART and CP USB/UART.

Hi, thanks for deep insight! I had to read your post 5+ times to take it all in.

That the AT is deprecated is no secret, but the fact (at least according to some firmware specialists) is that it will still be a while before the OEM's can get rid of the (AT) dependence of their secret and crappy proprietary firmware, that often need to be backward compatible...

Regarding whether I'm talking to AP or CP. You are probably correct that I am talking to AP through HAL. At least from SGS2 block diagram, UART-3 is in the AP, but connected to a level-shifter in the PMIC (still on the same SoC), which is in turn connected to the BP UART-X. (I don't have a clue why this is done so.) So in any case it seem that the AT's are reaching their destination, through some abstraction layer, which may explain why I can only talk ATC's from Samsung Drivers and not from a local (phone) terminal shells.

The question is, what happens if we try to use the Bada trick, to go into ServiceMode (SM) and enable the corresponding BP access? But the SM is different on SGS and that option is not clearly available. However, there is:

Code:
MAIN MENU --> COMMON --> DIAG CONFIG
[1] LOG VIA USB *
[2] LOG VIA UART
[3] LOG VIA IPC
[4] SPEED 115200
[5] SPEED 921600 *
[6] DBG MSG OFF (toggle)
[7] RAMDUMP OFF (toggle)
[8] DUMP ALL TRACE

But these do not seem related to AP/BP connections...
[EDIT]
I found it! The selection of AP/BP connection behavior
when connecting your phone as a USB client, to a PC
host, can be manually set in the PhoneUtil (PU) menu.
This sets the behavior of your phone when connecting it
to a PC, so that you can select whether you like it to act
as a Modem or PDA, on the USB and/or UART port.
The PU menu is different from the ServiceMode menu.

Dial: *#7284#

Code:
UART:
[[B]o[/B]] MODEM[B]*[/B]
[ ] PDA
USB:
[ ] MODEM
[[B]o[/B]] PDA[B]*[/B]
* is default SGS2 setting.

However, after making the change to use USB in MODEM mode,
my host is asking for new drivers, which I cannot find... :(
Now, if the modem controlling interface is using RPC, how is this reflected at the OS level? Still, any Linux based kernel is device based, so there have to be a way to talk to that device. (I have no idea how to work with RPC's...)

There may be no real ability to communicate with modem directly on SGS2 and AT responses you are getting may be from Android, working on AP only, not AMSS (Advanced Mobile Subscriber Software - RTOS working on Qualcomm's CP)
A: There is no AMSS, since we are not using a Qualcomm BP in this device...

... Only single, incomplete manuals leak from Qualcomm, not really useful. Also AP-CP RPC protocol is proprietary of Samsung, they got AMSS sources from Qualcomm and they are adding their own drivers there.
A: Agree, but HW hackers are often too much concerned with getting the exact datasheets. Rather try to get an old/similar one that is available... The old device drivers probably have not changed THAT much, but at least it would be a start.

While AP-CP low level protocol is opensource (you can find it in dpram/onedram/modemctl drivers in kernel), higher level of that layer - compiled into sec-RIL, is not.
Can you be more specific? (I'm starting to get lost here somewhere...)

AP-CP protocol is different between I9000 and S8500 (general concept remains the same, just it has been rewriten so packet types and structures are different), but if you are interested - we're creating opensource RIL for S8000/S8500/S8530/S8600 device series, supposed to work with Android ports for them - http://code.google.com/p/bada-modemril/ (branch experimental-MochaIPC)
Yes, I am. How/where can I find what these differences are?

PS. Regarding the BP on the SGS2, see my 2nd post...
 
Last edited:
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Rebellos

Senior Recognized Developer
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A: There is no AMSS, since we are not using a Qualcomm BP in this device...
Doesn't matter that much at all, it's likely almost the same stuff. :p
Can you be more specific? (I'm starting to get lost here somewhere...)

Yes, I am. How/where can I find what these differences are?

Not hard to get lost, it took me literally few months to understand all these things. Sources are very messy - pay attention to Makefiles, some of drivers aren't even compiled in.
I9000 GB driver (it was reorganised, comparing to Froyo)
https://github.com/project-voodoo/l...erbread-samsung/drivers/misc/samsung_modemctl

I9100 driver is in I9100 kernel sources in /drivers/svnet/ and /drivers/dpram/ (maybe also somewhere else, couldn't find direct link)

You can find my implementation of SHP OneDram frames-protocol there, based on I9000 GB driver - http://code.google.com/p/bada-modemctl/ (it isn't working yet - noone tested it)

As you can see - it's only lowlevel interface of sending frames and few parsers.
Real parsers and senders of frames are in libsec-ril.so library of platform - you can open it with IDA (I suggest 6.0+, it does deal with GOT of linux DLLs much better than previous versions) and find booting modem, installing callbacks inside of dpram/modemctl, parsing and sending packets and so on. Have fun. :p
 
Last edited:

XdxH62

Member
Jan 20, 2012
34
18
I have to say I'm pretty lost on the topic already. I've read about such stuff at the replicant project a while ago. Maybe you find some useful information there.

replicant.us (can't link yet)

Looks to me like they have free ril implementations for dream, n1 and nexus S.
 
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E:V:A

Inactive Recognized Developer
Dec 6, 2011
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I have to say I'm pretty lost on the topic already. I've read about such stuff at the replicant project a while ago. Maybe you find some useful information there.

Copy that! I don't even know where to begin...

But I have collected (thanks to you guys) the following very interesting links:

Available Source Code:

XGOLD-RIL (Omapzoom):
http://dev.omapzoom.org/?p=modem-int/xgold-ril.git;a=tree

Voodoo SGS-1 GB modem:
https://github.com/project-voodoo/l...ung/drivers/misc/samsung_modemctl/modem_ctl.c
https://github.com/project-voodoo/l...erbread-samsung/drivers/misc/samsung_modemctl

General...
https://github.com/GalaxySII/samsung-kernel-galaxysii

bada-modemril: Android RIL library for communication with baseband processor using Samsung OneDram.
https://code.google.com/p/bada-modemril/

bada-modemctl: Android kernel driver for communication with baseband processor using Samsung OneDram.
http://code.google.com/p/bada-modemctl/

Samsung H1 / Nexus S RIL/Modem support:
http://replicant.us/
http://trac.osuosl.org/trac/replicant/wiki

https://gitorious.org/replicant
https://gitorious.org/replicant/samsung-ril
http://github.com/morphis/libsamsung-ipc
http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/replicant/

Nice!
http://trac.osuosl.org/trac/replicant/wiki/How_to_port_Replicant
https://github.com/morphis/libsamsung-ipc/tree/master/samsung-ipc/device/aries


Unrelated?

Android USB-to-serial: IOIO API
https://github.com/ytai/ioio/wiki

Android App: android-serialport-api
https://code.google.com/p/android-serialport-api/

Great USB GSM/3G stick hacking:
http://blogs.gnome.org/dcbw/category/drivers/

ModemManager Hmm??
https://launchpad.net/modemmanager
http://cgit.freedesktop.org/ModemManager/ModemManager/tree/README
http://cgit.freedesktop.org/ModemManager/ModemManager/tree/libqcdm/src/dm-commands.h
 

PaulKocialkowski

New member
Feb 2, 2012
4
10
I am the Replicant developer who worked on Nexus S port and also did the work on aries (galaxy s, galaxy tab) devices and wrote a big part of the free RIL.

Replicant is a fully free Android derivate running on some devices (mostly Google phones).

If you have any question regarding samsung modems in Android phones, i'd be happy to answer them!

I'll attach the mail I sent back to E:V:A next

---------- Post added at 08:27 PM ---------- Previous post was at 08:22 PM ----------

Modems on Android devices is a wide domain.
Phones differ on many things, like:
* modem chipset
* modem firmware
* transport modem <-> AP
* modem protocol
* user-space integration (Android RIL)

First thing is the modem chipset. There are quite a few. For instance on
HTC phones, you'll have the ones included in the MSM or QSD SoCs (which
is quite unusual, modems aren't often part of the SoC) IIRC.
On other devices, it'll be a separate chip connected to the SoC via
various transport methods.

I know better the case of recent Samsung phones, like Nexus S, Galaxy S,
Galaxy Tab (first gen), Galaxy S2, etc.

There, you have the modem, usually an intel x-gold 6xx, that is wired to
the SoC. So transport is done via serial line and/or some dedicated RAM
memory (not from the main sticks).

Even though a phone can have the same modem wired (at hardware level)
the same way, the kernel drivers can be different. That's the case of
nexus s and galaxy s. On the first one, modem Rx/Tx with AP is done via
ioctls while on galaxy s it's done via a PHONET network interface
(svnet0). SO it's not (and particularly on Samsung phones) only a serial
interface you can open with screen: you need to understand how it's done
and write dedicated software to reproduce this (cf. the code on
libsamsung-ipc/devices/ that is device-specific).

So once you have transport set up, you need to know about the protocol
the modem speaks. This depends on the firmware the modem is running.
I know that the modem used in Nexus S is also used in some iPhone (4G
IIRC) but it has a different firmware and so speaks a different
protocol. I suspect it to be AT on the iPhone while Nexus S speaks a
samsung-specific modem protocol. They invented that protocol and
rewritten the modem firmware to use it instead of AT or anything else.
This protocol is usually called "Samsung IPC Protocol" and we have a
free implementation of it in libsamsung-ipc and samsung-ril.

On the Nokia N900, transport is also a PHONET socket and the protocol is
neither AT nor Samsung IPC but some protocol made by nokia and
implemented in ofono.

So you have exemples of different transport methods and modem protocols.
I could give you more exemples.

Of course, on Android, you need to have the user-space programs (the RIL
mainly) to match both the transport scheme and the modem protocol to
have anything working.

> Please have a look at our XDA-forum thread:
>
> "How to talk to the Modem with AT commands":
> http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1471241

Apparently you were able to contact the modem with some AT commands.
Either the modem has an AT mode that can run along with IPC (would
surprise me, but why not), but it may very well be uncompleted and is
anyway not used at all in official binaries, either this is Android
emulating and AT device while sending back stuff from and to the RIL,
either this is not the modem.

Anyway I can tell you for sure that this is absolutely not the way to
talk to the modem properly. The correct way is to use the IPC protocol
and appropriate transport handling (which is way more complex than only
opening a serial line).

I just started the work on galaxy s2, I'll soon have done the transport
layer and we already know the protocol.
 

alextreme

Member
Dec 18, 2008
9
1
..Anyway I can tell you for sure that this is absolutely not the way to
talk to the modem properly. The correct way is to use the IPC protocol
and appropriate transport handling (which is way more complex than only
opening a serial line).

I just started the work on galaxy s2, I'll soon have done the transport
layer and we already know the protocol.
So no way to talk with the modem in Nexus S? Also if I use the REPLICANT rom?

Thanks.
 

PaulKocialkowski

New member
Feb 2, 2012
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So no way to talk with the modem in Nexus S? Also if I use the REPLICANT rom?

Thanks.

Oh Nexus S status is very good (actually the best). That's the device we initally created libsamsung-ipc for (before, it was for samsung H1 and wasn't called libsamsung-ipc).

State of the modem using libsamsung-ipc and samsung-ril is at: redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/SamsungModems

basically, we have calls, sms, network registration and much more. Data is working but it's unclean on the code and needs more work. Note that I'm the only active dev on samsung-ril, and we're 2 on libsamsung-ipc. I'm also the one who added support for galaxy s and galaxy tab devices.

So in Nexus S, you can talk with the modem very easily, using libsamsung-ipc (which is a lib, so you need to use a binary, like modemctrl that comes with libsamsung-ipc).

Also, note that the SHR GNU/Linux distribution supports Nexus S as well and uses libsamung-ipc.
 
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E:V:A

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I am the Replicant developer who worked on Nexus S port and also did the work on aries (galaxy s, galaxy tab) devices and wrote a big part of the free RIL. ... I just started the work on galaxy s2, I'll soon have done the transport layer and we already know the protocol.

Hi Paul!
Thank you very much for your important contribution,
which really helped sort out, clarify and confirm many things!

I have just prepared a long response, but while writing it, more
fog has cleared and I will just go straight to my questions.
The rest (which is now less relevant) will be posted later as
a reference to others following this thread.

So my Questions to you at this point are:

  1. Given the above pictures of the various abstraction layers,
    how/where does the PHONET network interface fit in?
    .
  2. How does the "Samsung IPC Protocol" fit into this picture, regarding the translation and transmission of external terminal AT commands and their interpretation. [Perhaps you have link to a good/easy explanation of this protcol?]
    .
  3. How could we use this, to send ATC's from a local terminal?

    I guess the ultimate reason for wanting to do this, is to be able to get closer to the radio-interface-layer, and thus be able to get access to those radio parameters, not normally available to applications via the limited Java API.
    .
  4. Alternatively, how would you propose a better way to obtain the various low-level modem variables such as the ones shown here? (Freesmartphone.org)
    .
  5. From the (poor) OMAPedia RIL-layer picture and the GT-I9100 block-diagram, it seem that there might perhaps be other channels available to communicate with the BP/Modem. (I.e. Through the UART, GPIO, McSPI?) Any ideas on how/if this could be done?
    .
  6. How could we build our own RIL(s) with minimal effort and test it?
    .
    For example, here is a copy of this, which is an example how to build Replicant RIL and then replace the local rild from command line to test with. Would be great to be able to do the same on the SGS2...without having to flash new ROMs.
    .
  7. How does the Replicant "libsamsung-ipc" differ from that used in the "Project-Vodoo: samsung_modemctl" ?

That was a bunch...

However, I would be happy to help contribute to Replicant if possible,
although you should keep in mind that I am not a professional
programmer in any way.

Here is the direct link to Replicant's Samsung RIL status page:
http://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/SamsungModems
 
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E:V:A

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Recap of recent results

After the last post by Paul, things have become more clear. The following are the results I got up until then.

On the first one [Nexus S], modem Rx/Tx with AP is done via
ioctls while on Galaxy S it's done via a PHONET network interface
(svnet0). SO it's not (and particularly on Samsung phones) only a serial
interface you can open with screen: you need to understand how it's done
and write dedicated software to reproduce this...
The problem is to understand why I can communicate with ATC's from
outside (USB connected) terminal, but not from a local (on phone)
terminal, like for example /dev/ttyGS0. At this point I do understand that
the "SAMSUNG Mobile USB Modem" interface, together with ADB drivers,
provides some kind of (USB to HCI-socket to Modem) protocol converter,
and probably speaks directly to RIL and not the CP or Modem. We now
know that this is the Proprietary protocol called "Samsung IPC Protocol".

But if this is the case I thought I should still be able to find (and intercept)
whatever internal sockets or protocols used, to be able to establish and
send ATC's to the modem. But so far I have only been able to do the
following.

The setup:
Code:
[MY-PC] [RealTerm] <-- USB-cable --> [I9100]
Sending ATC's here is working as expected. I then tried to find the
devices/sockets/processes that handle this communication, and suddenly
I found myself in very murky waters. Trying to connect to the various local
devices on the phone, and not to sockets, as I do not know how to do that.
I had partial success, when I earlier tracked down /dev/ttyGS0 as having
something to do with the DataRouter. As I used nc to connect to
the ttyGS0 device during a RealTerm session, like this:
# nc -f /dev/ttyGS0

I could send characters to
RealTerm
side, but the Modem never got anything. And when I typed on
RealTerm, only a few characters appeared on ttyGS0, but the modem did
respond normally. So I concluded that /dev/ttyGS0 is somehow used for
receiving modem responses, while some other protocol or device is used
for transmitting to modem. (This is now confirmed by the previous posts!)

How did I do this?


Unlike on other/older Android phones, the ATC's are not shown in logcat
under the tag "D/AT" but rather under "E/DataRouter"! So open another
window (adb shell) session and run: # logcat DataRouter:E *:S

Then open your (PC) terminal and send a few ATC's.
When sending an "AT"command, they will appear as:
Code:
E/DataRouter( 2585): After the usb select
E/DataRouter( 2585): Before checking the modem suspend state
E/DataRouter( 2585): PDP is resumed now
E/DataRouter( 2585): After checking the modem suspend state
E/DataRouter( 2585): Path set is [B][COLOR=Black]DATA_PATH_CHAR_MODEM[/COLOR][/B]
E/DataRouter( 2585): Send [1] bytes to SMD. message:A
E/DataRouter( 2585): Sending data to SMD: Len = [1]
E/DataRouter( 2585):  buffer = [A]
E/DataRouter( 2585): Wrote 1 chars to EXTERNAL PORT [B][COLOR=Red]fd=17 ch = 41[/COLOR][/B]
E/DataRouter( 2585): Before the usb select
E/DataRouter( 2585): After the Modem Read select
E/DataRouter( 2585): Read 1 chars from SMD Modem file fd = 17
E/DataRouter( 2585):  buf = A
E/DataRouter( 2585): Wrote 1 chars to USB PORT fd=29
E/DataRouter( 2585):  buf=A
E/DataRouter( 2585): Before the Modem Read select
E/DataRouter( 2585): After the usb select
E/DataRouter( 2585): Before checking the modem suspend state
E/DataRouter( 2585): PDP is resumed now
E/DataRouter( 2585): After checking the modem suspend state
E/DataRouter( 2585): Path set is DATA_PATH_CHAR_MODEM
E/DataRouter( 2585): Send [1] bytes to SMD. message:T
E/DataRouter( 2585): Sending data to SMD: Len = [1]
E/DataRouter( 2585):  buffer = [T]
But I didn't know exactly what to make from this, for example;
a) What is the "ch = 41" specification? It is just the ASCII of an "A" sent to
a device/file called 17. But when writing, it is called "EXTERNAL PORT"
while on reading, it's from "SMD Modem file"...
b) What is the DATA_PATH_CHAR_MODEM variable? I cannot find any
reference to this anywhere! I then found the devices and sockets by
identifying the file handles (fd) in the (datarouter) process directory:

Code:
[B]# busybox ls -al --color=never /proc/2585/fd[/B]
fd=17 --> socket:[1904]
fd=29 --> /dev/ttyGS0
NOTE: I prefer to always use the busybox binaries, as I no longer trust
the Samsung ones to give the complete/proper information...

Given the more recent information from previous posts, I decided to look for svnet.

Code:
[B]# find / -iname "*svnet*"[/B]
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/svnet0
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/svnet0
/proc/sys/net/ipv6/neigh/svnet0
/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/svnet0
...
/proc/[B][COLOR=SeaGreen]<process-id>[/COLOR][/B]/net/dev_snmp6/svnet0
...
/sys/devices/virtual/net/svnet0
/sys/bus/usb/drivers/cdc_svnet
/sys/class/net/svnet0
[B]
# ls -l /sys/devices/virtual/net[/B]
drwxr-xr-x root     root              2012-02-03 05:56 lo
drwxr-xr-x root     root              2012-02-02 12:34 svnet0
drwxr-xr-x root     root              2012-02-02 12:34 sit0
drwxr-xr-x root     root              2012-02-02 17:21 pdp0
These are all interesting and relevant , but I have no idea what
they all do... But /sys/bus/usb/drivers/cdc_svnet are all linked to
the HCI-USB devices under: /sys/devices/platform/s5p-ehci/usb1/1-2
and contain 4 of each of:
- "CDC Communication Interface"
- "CDC Data Interface"
 
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alextreme

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Oh Nexus S status is very good (actually the best). That's the device we initally created libsamsung-ipc for (before, it was for samsung H1 and wasn't called libsamsung-ipc).

State of the modem using libsamsung-ipc and samsung-ril is at: redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/SamsungModems

basically, we have calls, sms, network registration and much more. Data is working but it's unclean on the code and needs more work. Note that I'm the only active dev on samsung-ril, and we're 2 on libsamsung-ipc. I'm also the one who added support for galaxy s and galaxy tab devices.

So in Nexus S, you can talk with the modem very easily, using libsamsung-ipc (which is a lib, so you need to use a binary, like modemctrl that comes with libsamsung-ipc).

Also, note that the SHR GNU/Linux distribution supports Nexus S as well and uses libsamung-ipc.

Okay but I would like to send AT Commands from Android terminal to the modem or from an APP in Android. Can I find using REPLICANT ROM the folder /dev/smd0?
 
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E:V:A

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It has AT command descriptions which may assist in adding more descriptions to the first page. I noticed alot of yours were incomplete, so I posted that.
Ahh, yes. I was just updating the AT+Xzzzz sets form various sources. (The best one by far was the Google available: "AMOD HSPA Modules_AT_Command Specification".) I had to move the list to post #3. Now there are only a very few missing. The others I did not bother to re-explain/merge with the already known and "standard" ones...
 

PaulKocialkowski

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Feb 2, 2012
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There are a lot of implementations of the AT set. There are official documents with all the standard commands. Take a look at wiki.openmoko.org page: Hardware:AT_Commands (links to ETSI and 3GPP documents).

---------- Post added at 09:15 PM ---------- Previous post was at 08:41 PM ----------

IIRC, there is an UART debug line that can be used to talk to the modem directly. On Nexus S, the ttyFIQ0 node was related to UART. Maybe you can route the modem to ttyFIQ0 by dealing with /sys/class/sec/uart_switch/UART_SEL/value
Important fact: note this on Galaxy S2 init.rc:
chown radio system /sys/class/sec/uart_switch/UART_SEL/value

Really try to look at that sys node and you'll perhaps succeed to get it (modem UART line) routed on ttyFIQ0 on the device.
Also, look at the FSA something component in the kernel sources: it's highly related to the UART line. It was FSA9480 on Nexus S. Look at NexusSBootloader#Serial-Console on Replicant Redmine wiki to see how we used it.

I seriously doubt there is any kind of protocol converter that converts Samsung IPC data to AT commands on this line. In my opinion the line you get is most probably the modem debug UART line.
It looks like this:
Modem <-> UART line <-> FSA9480 <-> USB <-> Host PC
|<-> kernel driver <-> RIL <-> Android framework

And the idea would be to redirect the modem uart line to ttyFIQ0. I don't know if you have to do the routing via the FSA component. I know someone who perhaps knows better about that.

---------- Post added at 09:21 PM ---------- Previous post was at 09:15 PM ----------

The logs with DataRouter are really interesting. These are not part of the RIL (I checked with strings) but there is definitely something *software* between the modem and your terminal on PC.
 
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    This is a LIVE guide to communicating with your phones modem by AT commands. The information contained here is collected on a continuous basis from various places after having some trouble finding all relevant information in one place. Now this place is here, and if not please post a comment on what's missing and where to find it, if you do know.

    All results in this guide have been obtained using a Samsung Galaxy S2 running a stock rooted GB 2.3.4 with PDA:XWKI4 and PHONE:XXKI1 on the 2.6.35.7 Kernel.

    The key documents to have as a reference when working with the Android AT command set are found at the 3GPP site. In particular these 2 documents:

    [1] The ETSI GSM 07.07 (3GPP TS 27.007) specifies AT style
    commands for controlling a GSM phone or modem.
    [2] The ETSI GSM 07.05 (3GPP TS 27.005) specifies AT style
    commands for managing the SMS feature of GSM.

    These documents exists in many different versions, so they are not all equal in content. Make sure to check what document version you are using.

    Background

    To better understand mobile phone modems and the underlying hardware I strongly recommend reading Harald Welte's "Anatomy of contemporary GSM cellphone hardware" [3] and Telica's "Challenges in integrating modems on Open Platforms" [4]. To summarize enormously, I can say this. On a modern Android based "smart phone", there are essentially two processors. The Application Processor (AP) where your Android operating system (AOS) and user interface (UI) lives, and the Baseband/Cellular Processor (BP/CP) where all the GSM and other high-tech communication magic happens, including the modem we wish to communicate with. In the most modern phones the BP and the AP and all possible other peripheral devices are integrated into one piece of hardware, loosely known as a Smartphone or System on a Chip (SoC). On this SoC there are a number of peripheral devices such as RTC, UARTs, SPI, I2C, USB ports, SD/MMC card controllers and an ISO7816 SIM card reader. However, to preserve the layered hardware structure, the AP and BP still communicates via UART (serial line), USB, SPI or through shared RAM and/or a combination of these. Therefore there will always be some path directly accessible from the outside that we should be able to use to communicate directly with the BP. Exactly how this is done, is mostly unknown due to the closed source and protectionisitc nature of the SoC manufacturers, to the great dismay of the developer community.

    Although there are several methods for invoking and controlling modem services, the two most common are through the AT Commands (ATC) and/or through Remote Procedural Calls (RPC). The ATC method is by far the most popular and the ATC set can be categorized as follows.

    Code:
    Call Control:           Commands for initiating and controling calls.
    Data Call Control:      Commands for controlling the data transfer and QoS.
    Network Service:        Commands for Supplementary services,ME, operator
                            selection, locking and registraction.
    SMS Control:            Commands for sending, notifying, setting SMS services.
    ME Control & Status:    Commands for ME power,keypad,display,phonebook,RTC's.
    The AOS provide support for this framwork in the Radio Interface Layer (RIL), which acts as the interface between the radio HW and the Java Applicaiton Programming Interface (API). However, the RIL is divided into 3 parts or layers if you want. (These are just arbitrary, and not GSM layers!)

    L3. The Java RIL (AOS API) accessible to all but with a limited set of commands.
    L2. The RIL Daemon (RILJ) acting as an interface between AOS and the Vendor RIL.
    L1. The Vendor RIL, which is a closed-source and HW-specific implemetation.
    L0. The OEM/Vendor modem HW and firmware then acts on the L1 ATC's. (?)

    Thus the job of the RIL is to translate all the telephony requests from the Android telephony framework and map them to the corresponding AT commands to the modem, and back again.

    Here are two useful pictures that try to explain the various RIL layers.

    Fig.1.

    Fig.2.


    Finding the correct serial device for the phone modem

    In your phone you will find hundreds of devices listed under /dev. Knowing which one is the serial device(s) used for communicating with your Baseband Processor's (BP) Modem, is key in getting a useful AT communication going. Here it is also good to know that there are several serial devices connected to the BP. These connections are working in parallel through a MUX. So it is very likely you will be able to use several different devices to send AT commands with.

    So how do we find an appropriate local serial device on the phone? One way is of course to try to connect via some terminal application to all devices and send some AT commands and look for a response, but that is not very scientific or practical. Different phones may use different default (Modem) serial devices. One way to find the serial devices is by listing available tty drivers.

    Code:
    # cat /proc/tty/drivers
    ...
    rfcomm               /dev/rfcomm         216    0-255           serial
    g_serial             /dev/ttyGS          253    0               serial
    ttySAC               /dev/s3c2410_serial 204    64-68           serial
    serial               /dev/ttyS           4      64-67           serial
    ...
    So what are these doing and which one should we try?
    After Googling around we suspect that:

    rfcomm = Used by Bluetooth serial devices
    ttySAC = Used by serial SAmsung Console
    g_serial = "DataRouter" (also see dun: (10,123) )

    In addition and thanks to the documentation in Adam Outler's info package [5], it can be inferred from the block diagram that perhaps:

    Code:
    s3c2410_serial0 - UART0 - Bluetooth (ttySAC)            
    s3c2410_serial1 - UART1 - GPS                                 
    s3c2410_serial2 - UART2 - AP PMIC - A/S1 ??                   
    s3c2410_serial3 - UART3 - AP PMIC --> AP Level Shifter --> BP UART ?? 
    s3c2410_serial4 - UART4 - not used?
    (PMIC = Power Management IC)

    The block diagram is this one, from the SGS-2 service manual.



    Connecting using: a local terminal application or the ADB shell

    So from our previous results, we would suspect that we could use /dev/ttyGS0. Since Busybox contain the microcom terminal program, we can simply do:

    Code:
    # busybox microcom -t 5000 /dev/ttyGS0
    AT
    ATI
    <nothing> :(
    However, although the connection is successful, there is no AT reaction on that line...
    [EDIT] (See notes in a later post.)


    Connecting using: Windows

    If you are using Windows, you can go into Device Manager (DM) to find the correct port(s) used by your phone. However, depending on whether you set your phone to be used as a "USB mass storage" device or not, there may appear different devices in the DM. Here we assume that we just physically connect the phone and do nothing more. I.e. We're not using the device as a USB storage.

    Next, under the device class listed as "Modems", you will probably find at least two modem devices. For example, I have one called "HDAUDIO Soft Data Fax Modem with SmartCP", which has nothing to do with Samsung and most likely came with the computer with some bloatware. The other one is called "SAMSUNG Mobile USB Modem", which is what we want. Then right-click to open Properties of the USB Modem device and navigate to the "Diagnostics" tab. Click on the "Query Modem" to send some test AT commands to your modem. If this doesn't work, you have a problem, and I don't have an answer. The result should look something like this:

    Code:
    ATQ0V1E0    - OK
    AT+GMM      - AT+GMM
           GT-I9100
    AT+FCLASS=? - (0,8)
    AT#CLS=?    - COMMAND NOT SUPPORTED
    AT+GCI?     - COMMAND NOT SUPPORTED
    AT+GCI=?    - COMMAND NOT SUPPORTED
    ATI1 -  Manufacturer: SAMSUNG 
            Model: I9100 
            Revision: I9100XXKI1 
            IMEI: xxxxx 
    ATI2 -  Manufacturer: SAMSUNG 
            Model: I9100 
            Revision: I9100XXKI1 
            IMEI: xxxxx 
    ...
    See below for an explanation of these commands.


    Now try this yourself with some terminal application. My personal favorite is the free and fully feature loaded "RealTerm". In the Display tab, use ANSI and check the "newLine mode" box, then in the Port tab, find your port as listed in Device Manager. For example, for me the modem port is located on COM port 12. This is listed as "12=\ssudmdm0000" in RealTerm.


    Connecting using: Cygwin (on Windows)

    First thing to know about using Cygwin, is that the windows COMn ports are addressed as /dev/ttyS[n-1], thus if you have connected your phone with a USB cable, and you find it is connected to COM port 12, then it will be accessible only through /dev/ttyS11 under Cygwin. Other terminal applications may use different ports. In addition you need to have installed/compiled some terminal program like: picocom, microcom or cu etc. Also make sure the COM port is not already occupied by another terminal program.

    $ picocom /dev/ttyS11
    ...

    This works as expected.

    Some basic AT command structure

    I'm not going to say much about the AT commands themselves, as they are almost as old as home computers themselves. However, let's have a brief look at the "Modem Query" above.

    Code:
    ATQ0V1E0
    - This is actually a concatenation of the 3 commands: 
      (ATQ0 + ATV1 + ATE0) where:
      ATQ0 - Disables echo suppression
      ATV1 - Enables Verbose command results mode
      ATE0 - Turns off local Echo
    
    AT+GMM  
    - This one doesn't work in direct serial mode (!) and 
      is equivalent to AT+CGMM which shows the device model 
      identification. (I9100)
    
    AT+FCLASS=? 
    - This queries the phone (TA) mode: (data, fax, voice etc.)
    
    ATI     
    - This lists: Manufacturer, Model, Revision, IMEI


    NOTE
    : AT commands can be concatenated on one line with each line starting with AT, and each command separated by ";". In some cases the semicolon is not needed. Typically a command without "=" or "?" is a general command, that sets or gets some parameters. But any command with "=" is a setting command, unless it is directly followed by "?", in which case you are querying the available/allowed parameters and their range. If the command is followed by "?" without a "=" it is a query, asking the values for something.

    WARNING!
    DO NOT SEND RANDOM COMMANDS/CHARACTERS TO YOUR PHONE MODEM

    Many AT commands can easily wipe or brick your phone or SIM card!
    I am in no way responsible for anyone bricking their phones, and
    I cannot help you if you do so. So you better know exactly what you
    send before you send anything at all.

    General AT command list extracted from 3GPP TS 27.007

    Here is a list with general AT commands and a brief description of their functions and the document section they are found at. The document version I used for the info extraction is shown on the first line.

    Note: Several of these commands are deprecated or simply not available on the Android/Samsung phone modems, at least not int he form shown in that document.

    Code:
    3GPP TS 27.007 Release 9 145 V9.4.0 (2010-06)
    
    AT+CAAP         7.25            -  Automatic answer for eMLPP Service 
    AT+CACM         8.25            -  Accumulated call meter 
    AT+CAEMLPP      7.22            -  eMLPP Priority Registration and Interrogation 
    AT+CAHLD        11.1.3          -  Leave an ongoing Voice Group or Voice Broadcast Call 
    AT+CAJOIN       11.1.1          -  Accept an incoming Voice Group or Voice Broadcast Call 
    AT+CALA         8.16            -  Alarm 
    AT+CALCC        11.1.6          -  List current Voice Group and Voice Broadcast Calls 
    AT+CALD         8.38            -  Delete alarm 
    AT+CALM         8.20            -  Alert sound mode 
    AT+CAMM         8.26            -  Accumulated call meter maximum 
    AT+CANCHEV      11.1.8          -  NCH Support Indication 
    AT+CAOC         7.16            -  Advice of Charge 
    AT+CAPD         8.39            -  Postpone or dismiss an alarm 
    AT+CAPTT        11.1.4          -  Talker Access for Voice Group Call 
    AT+CAREJ        11.1.2          -  Reject an incoming Voice Group or Voice Broadcast Call 
    AT+CAULEV       11.1.5          -  Voice Group Call Uplink Status Presentation 
    AT+CBC          8.4             -  Battery charge 
    AT+CBCAP        8.59            -  Battery Capacity 
    AT+CBCHG        8.61            -  Battery Charger Status 
    AT+CBCON        8.60            -  Battery Connection Status 
    AT+CBCS         11.3.2          -  VBS subscriptions and GId status 
    AT+CBKLT        8.51            -  Backlight 
    AT+CBST         6.7             -  Select bearer service type 
    AT+CCFC         7.11            -  Call forwarding number and conditions 
    AT+CCHC         8.46            -  Close Logical Channel 
    AT+CCHO         8.45            -  Open Logical Channel 
    AT+CCLK         8.15            -  Clock 
    AT+CCUG         7.10            -  Closed user group 
    AT+CCWA         7.12            -  Call waiting 
    AT+CCWE         8.28            -  Call Meter maximum event 
    AT+CDIP         7.9             -  Called line identification presentation 
    AT+CDIS         8.8             -  Display control 
    AT+CEAP         8.47            -  EAP authentication 
    AT+CEER         6.10            -  Extended error report 
    AT+CEMODE       10.1.28         -  UE modes of operation for EPS 
    AT+CEPTT        11.1.10         -  Short Data Transmission during ongoing VGCS 
    AT+CEREG        10.1.22         -  EPS network registration status 
    AT+CERP         8.48            -  EAP Retrieve Parameters 
    AT+CFCS         7.24            -  Fast call setup conditions 
    AT+CFUN         8.2             -  Set phone functionality 
    AT+CGACT        10.1.10         -  PDP context activate or deactivate 
    AT+CGATT        10.1.9          -  PS attach or detach 
    AT+CGCLASS      10.1.17         -  GPRS mobile station class 
    AT+CGCLOSP      10.1.13         -  Configure local Octet Stream PAD parameters 
    AT+CGCMOD       10.1.11         -  PDP Context Modify 
    AT+CGCONTRDP    10.1.23         -  PDP Context Read Dynamic Parameters 
    AT+CGCS         11.3.1          -  VGCS subscriptions and GId status 
    AT+CGDATA       10.1.12         -  Enter data state 
    AT+CGDCONT      10.1.1          -  Define PDP Context 
    AT+CGDSCONT     10.1.2          -  Define Secondary PDP Context 
    AT+CGEQOS       10.1.26         -  Define EPS Quality Of Service 
    AT+CGEQOSRDP    10.1.27         -  EPS Quality Of Service Read Dynamic Parameters 
    AT+CGEREP       10.1.19         -  Packet Domain event reporting 
    AT+CGLA         8.43            -  Generic UICC Logical Channel access 
    AT+CGMI         5.1             -  Request manufacturer identification 
    AT+CGMM         5.2             -  Request model identification 
    AT+CGMR         5.3             -  Request revision identification 
    AT+CGREG        10.1.20         -  GPRS network registration status 
    AT+CGSMS        10.1.21         -  Select service for MO SMS messages 
    AT+CGSN         5.4             -  Request product serial number identification 
    AT+CGTFT        10.1.3          -  Traffic Flow Template 
    AT+CGTFTRDP     10.1.25         -  Traffic Flow Template Read Dynamic Parameters 
    AT+CHLD         7.13            -  Call related supplementary services 
    AT+CHSC         6.15            -  HSCSD current call parameters 
    AT+CHSD         6.12            -  HSCSD device parameters 
    AT+CHSR         6.16            -  HSCSD parameters report 
    AT+CHST         6.13            -  HSCSD transparent call configuration 
    AT+CHSU         6.17            -  HSCSD automatic user initiated upgrading 
    AT+CHUP         6.5             -  Hangup call 
    AT+CIMI         5.6             -  Request international mobile subscriber identity 
    AT+CIND         8.9             -  Indicator control 
    AT+CKPD         8.7             -  Keypad control 
    AT+CLAC         8.37            -  List all available AT commands 
    AT+CLAE         8.31            -  Language Event 
    AT+CLAN         8.30            -  Set Language 
    AT+CLCC         7.18            -  List current calls 
    AT+CLCK         7.4             -  Facility lock 
    AT+CLIP         7.6             -  Calling line identification presentation 
    AT+CLIR         7.7             -  Calling line identification restriction 
    AT+CLVL         8.23            -  Loudspeaker volume level 
    AT+CMAR         8.36            -  Master Reset 
    AT+CMEC         8.6             -  Mobile Termination control mode 
    AT+CMEE         9.1             -  Report mobile termination error 
    AT+CMER         8.10            -  Mobile Termination event reporting 
    AT+CMOD         6.4             -  Call mode 
    AT+CMOLR        8.50            -  Mobile Originated Location Request 
    AT+CMOLRE       9.1             -  Report mobile originated location request error 
    AT+CMOLRE       9.3             -  Mobile termination error result code 
    AT+CMTLR        8.57            -  Mobile Terminated Location Request notification 
    AT+CMUT         8.24            -  Mute control 
    AT+CMUX         5.7             -  Multiplexing mode 
    AT+CNAP         7.30            -  Calling name identification presentation 
    AT+CNUM         7.1             -  Subscriber number 
    AT+COLP         7.8             -  Connected line identification presentation 
    AT+COLR         7.31            -  Connected line identification restriction status 
    AT+COPN         7.21            -  Read operator names 
    AT+COPS         7.3             -  PLMN selection 
    AT+COTDI        11.1.9          -  Originator to Dispatcher Information 
    AT+CPAS         8.1             -  Phone activity status 
    AT+CPBF         8.13            -  Find phonebook entries 
    AT+CPBR         8.12            -  Read phonebook entries 
    AT+CPBS         8.11            -  Select phonebook memory storage 
    AT+CPBW         8.14            -  Write phonebook entry 
    AT+CPIN         8.3             -  Enter PIN 
    AT+CPLS         7.20            -  Selection of preferred PLMN list 
    AT+CPNET        7.27            -  Preferred network indication 
    AT+CPNSTAT      7.28            -  Preferred network status 
    AT+CPOL         7.19            -  Preferred PLMN list 
    AT+CPOS         8.55            -  Positioning Control 
    AT+CPOSR        8.56            -  Positioning Reporting 
    AT+CPPS         7.23            -  eMLPP subscriptions 
    AT+CPROT        8.42            -  Enter protocol mode
    AT+CPSB         7.29            -  Current Packet Switched Bearer 
    AT+CPUC         8.27            -  Price per unit and currency table 
    AT+CPWC         8.29            -  Power class 
    AT+CPWD         7.5             -  Change password 
    AT+CR           6.9             -  Service reporting control 
    AT+CRC          6.11            -  Cellular result codes 
    AT+CREG         7.2             -  Network registration 
    AT+CRLA         8.44            -  Restricted UICC Logical Channel access 
    AT+CRLP         6.8             -  Radio link protocol 
    AT+CRMC         8.34            -  Ring Melody Control 
    AT+CRMP         8.35            -  Ring Melody Playback 
    AT+CRSL         8.21            -  Ringer sound level 
    AT+CRSM         8.18            -  Restricted SIM access 
    AT+CSCC         8.19            -  Secure control command 
    AT+CSCS         5.5             -  Select TE character set 
    AT+CSDF         6.22            -  Settings date format 
    AT+CSGT         8.32            -  Set Greeting Text 
    AT+CSIL         6.23            -  Silence Command 
    AT+CSIM         8.17            -  Generic SIM access 
    AT+CSNS         6.19            -  Single numbering scheme 
    AT+CSQ          8.5             -  Signal quality 
    AT+CSSAC        7.32            -  Service Specific Access Control restriction status 
    AT+CSSN         7.17            -  Supplementary service notifications 
    AT+CSTA         6.1             -  Select type of address 
    AT+CSTF         6.24            -  Settings time format 
    AT+CSVM         8.33            -  Set Voice Mail Number 
    AT+CTFR         7.14            -  Call deflection 
    AT+CTZR         8.41            -  Time Zone Reporting 
    AT+CTZU         8.40            -  Automatic Time Zone Update 
    AT+CUAD         8.49            -  UICC Application Discovery 
    AT+CUSD         7.15            -  Unstructured supplementary service data 
    AT+CVHU         6.20            -  Voice Hangup Control 
    AT+CVIB         8.22            -  Vibrator mode 
    AT+CVMOD        6.4             -  Voice Call Mode 
    AT+FCLASS       C.2.1           -  Select mode 
    AT+VBT          C.2.2           -  Buffer threshold setting 
    AT+VCID         C.2.3           -  Calling number ID presentation 
    AT+VGR          C.2.4           -  Receive gain selection 
    AT+VGT          C.2.5           -  Transmit gain selection 
    AT+VIP          C.2.6           -  Initialise voice parameters 
    AT+VIT          C.2.7           -  Inactivity timer 
    AT+VLS          C.2.8           -  Line selection 
    AT+VRX          C.2.9           -  Receive data state 
    AT+VSM          C.2.10          -  Select compression method 
    AT+VTD          C.2.12          -  Tone duration 
    AT+VTS          C.2.11          -  DTMF and tone generation 
    AT+VTX          C.2.13          -  Transmit data state
    Questions and Help Needed

    Q1: What is the correct device on the SGS2, for ATC communication to the modem?

    Q2: How and where is this device selected/configured?

    Q3: What do the various Proprietary AT commands (AT+X...) do?

    Q4: Where can I find more documentation on the BP/CP?
    References:

    [1] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/27007.htm
    [2] http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/27005.htm
    [3] Harald Welte's "Anatomy of contemporary GSM cellphone hardware"
    http://laforge.gnumonks.org/papers/gsm_phone-anatomy-latest.pdf
    [4] Telica's White Paper: "Challenges in integrating modems on Open Platforms"
    http://teleca.com/Home/news_room/Whitepapers.aspx
    [5] Adam Outler's "The all-in-one Galaxy S2 Hack Pack"
    [6] Fabien Sanglard's non-blog: "Tracing the baseband":
    http://fabiensanglard.net/cellphoneModem/index2.php
    [7] "Android Application Development" (Android Telephony Internals, Ch.15.2),
    R.Rogers/J.Lombardo, O'Reilly Media 2009
    http://androidapps.org.ua/i_sect18_d1e18369.html


    Keywords: AT Commands, Modem, Terminal, CDC-ACM, RIL, Serial, UART

    If you like this work, please hit the thank you button!
    10
    The GT-I9100 Baseband Processor (BP/CP) Specifications

    Currently I have got two different specifications regarding what BP is used in the SGS2, most likely due to the different versions available of the SGS2 in Europe vs. USA. The ones I have are:

    1. Intel/Infineon XMM6260 is the "platform" that consists of:

      a) The X-GOLD 626 (ARM1176?, 40nm) baseband processor
      b) The SMARTi UE2 RF-transceiver (65nm CMOS)
      c) The 3GPP Release 7 HSPA+ protocol stack with:
      Downlink: Category 14, Uplink: Category 7
      d) Alternative Names*: Infineon IFX6260 = Intel IMC6260 = Intel XMM6260
      e) Picture: http://www.infineon.com/export/sites/default/media/press/Image/press_photo/X-GOLD626.jpg
      f) Datasheet: N/A :(
      g) Most likely used in European phones
      h) is apparently also present in the iPhone 4S.. (check!)
      i) Closest available documentation:.
    2. Qualcomm QSC6085 (65nm,424 CSP, 12x12mm) contain:

      a) BP: ARM926EJS @ 192 MHz
      b) + QDSP @ 96 MHz (also on BP)
      c) Modem: IS-95 A/B, 1X Rel.0, EVDOr0, EVDOrA
      d) is apparently also present in the "Verizon Wireless USB760 Modem"
      e) Picture: N/A
      f) Datasheet: N/A :(
      g) Most likely used in North American (US) phones (CDMA)
    *It should be noted that Infineon Technologies (Wireless Division) has been acquired by Intel Mobile Communications, in early 2011.

    In fact these two differences just made a whole lot of sense from the available AT command sets. Basically the modem specific AT commands immediately give up the manufacturer of the modem firmware. (Yes, competing OEM developers do work together!) Because the command sets usually consists of 3 types.

    • The old school "Hayes" AT standard given by ETSI GSM 07.07.
    • Vendor Proprietary AT commands, specific for each OEM.
    • Carrier Proprietary AT commands, specific to some service providers. (E.g. AT&T, Sprint, T-mobile, Verizon etc.)
    So for our 2 modem cases above we have the obvious Proprietary AT extensions:
    Qualcomm QSCnnnn: AT$Q<something>
    Intel/Infineon XMMnnnn: AT+X<something>
    which indeed confirms the BP of my SGS2. Obviously there is a far easier way to reach this conclusion...
    ---------------------------------------------------------------
    TIPS!
    To see what baseband processor you have,
    you can enter into ServiceMode and check.
    This should always work as many ServiceMode
    functions are directly modem dependent.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Why? Because the ServiceMode application
    actually reside in the modem firmware!
    Do this:
    Dial: *#197328640#
    Code:
    MAIN MENU:
    ...
    [2] VERSION INFO. -->
            [1] SW VERSION -->
                    [5] READ ALL SW VERSION:
                    ...
            ======>[COLOR=Red] IFX [/COLOR]SW VER: [COLOR=Red]SP6260[/COLOR]_U1_01.1135
                    ...
    This implies the phone is using software for the (Infineon) IFX 6260...
    But the ServiceMode is just talking to the modem, so you can get the
    same information by opening an (external) terminal shell and send
    the following ATC:
    Code:
    [B]AT+XGENDATA[/B]
    
    +XGENDATA: "    [COLOR=Red]SP6260[/COLOR]_U1_01.1135_DB110831 2011-Sep-2 18:14:20                  
        PDB_NOT_AVAILABLE                                                           
    *SP6260_U1_01.1135_DB110831*"                                                   
                                                                                    
    "*" 
    OK
    Here is the FBGA pin-out of that chip:
    Fig.4.


    A small addendum about the SMARTi UE2 chip

    The BP is communicating with the RF-tranceiver chip called SMARTi UE2
    (labelled "5712"), using a communication interface that corresponds to
    the (MIPI) DigRF 3G (V.3.09) standard. Through this protocol the BP
    (or other device) can also control some aspects of the RF to some
    minor extent. But without the proper specifications of the 5712, it
    may also contain other interfaces...

    The DigRF connections:
    Fig.5.

    The SMARTi UE2 chip:
    Fig.6.

    Here are more link for the interested reader:

    General DigRF info:
    http://www.mipi.org/specifications/digrfsm-specifications
    http://www.mipi.org/sites/default/files/Specification Overview final.pdf
    http://electronicdesign.com/article/test-and-measurement/digrf-faqs19953.aspx

    The DigRF protocol details:
    http://www.siliconreleasesolutions.com/pdf/DigRF-TMWorld0509-FINAL.pdf
    http://www.docstoc.com/docs/53386199/DigRF-BASEBAND-RF-DIGITAL-INTERFACE-SPECIFICATION
    8
    Complete AT command list for Samsung Galaxy S2 (GB 2.3.4, KI4)

    These were obtained by sending the "list all available AT commands" request: AT+CLAC .
    Their functions have been collected from many different sources, none of which originates
    from Samsung. Thus many ATC's are marked with one or more "?" to signify the uncertainty.

    The standard AT set as shown in the OP, I have not bothered to describe here.

    Code:
    ATA                             - Answer
    ATD                             - Dial ...
    ATE                             - Enable command echo (0=disable, 1=enable)
    ATH                             - ??? Hangup/Hook
    ATO                     ??      - Return to Online Data Mode
    ATQ                             - Result code supression 
    ATS                             - Command line termination?     S[3,4,5]
    ATV                             - Command response format (0=Numerical, 1=Verbose)
    ATX                             - Result code format for CONNECT        Mfg!
    ATZ                             - Reset Modem (...)
    ATl                             - 
    ATm                             - 
    
    AT&C                    ?       - (Received line signal detector) Behaviour
    AT&D                    ?       - (Data terminal ready) Behaviour
    AT&F                    ?       - Restore Factory Default Configuration
    
    AT\Q                    ?       - Local flow control selection
    
    AT+CACM
    AT+CAMM
    AT+CAOC
    AT+CBC
    AT+CBST
    AT+CCFC
    AT+CCHC
    AT+CCHO                         - Open Logical Channel
    AT+CCID                         - SIM Serial Number
    AT+CCLK                         - Realtime clock
    AT+CCUG
    AT+CCWA
    AT+CCWE
    AT+CEER         
    AT+CFUN         *               ? This command selects the level of  functionality <fun> in the MS. Only some values of<fun> are  allowed (see Defined values).
    
    AT+CGACT                        - 
    AT+CGATT                        - 
    AT+CGAUTO                       - 
    AT+CGCLASS                      - 
    AT+CGCMOD                       - 
    AT+CGDATA                       - 
    AT+CGDCONT                      - 
    AT+CGDSCONT                     - 
    AT+CGEQMIN                      - 
    AT+CGEQNEG                      - 
    AT+CGEQREQ                      - 
    AT+CGEREP       *               - Packet Domain event reporting
    AT+CGLA                 E       - Generic UICC Logical Channel access
    AT+CGMI                         - Request manufacturer identification 
    AT+CGMM                         - Request model identification
    AT+CGMR                         - Request revision identification
    AT+CGPADDR                      - 
    AT+CGQMIN                       - 
    AT+CGQREQ                       - 
    AT+CGREG        *               - GPRS network registration status                              AT+CGREG=2;+CGREG?
    AT+CGSMS                        - 
    AT+CGSN         *               - Request product serial number identification (IMEI)
    AT+CGTFT
    
    AT+CHLD
    AT+CHUP                         - Hangup call
    AT+CIMI         *               - Request international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)
    AT+CLAC                         - List all available AT commands
    AT+CLAN
    AT+CLCC
    AT+CLCK
    AT+CLIP
    AT+CLIR
    AT+CMEE                         - Report mobile termination error (+CME) verbosity mode (0,1,2)
    AT+CMGC
    AT+CMGD
    AT+CMGF
    AT+CMGL
    AT+CMGR
    AT+CMGS
    AT+CMGW
    AT+CMMS
    AT+CMOD
    AT+CMSS
    AT+CMUX                         - Set multiplexing protocol control channel mode(s)
    AT+CNAP
    AT+CNMA
    AT+CNMI         *               - This command selects the procedure,  how receiving of new SMS from network is indicated to the TE
    AT+CNUM
    AT+COLP
    AT+COLR
    AT+CONNECTPORT
    AT+COPN
    AT+COPS                         - 
    AT+CPAS
    AT+CPIN
    AT+CPIN2
    AT+CPLS
    AT+CPMS
    AT+CPOL
    AT+CPUC
    AT+CPWD
    AT+CPWROFF
    AT+CR
    AT+CRC
    AT+CREG
    AT+CRES
    AT+CRLA                 ?       - Restricted UICC Logical Channel access
    AT+CRLP         *               - Radio link protocol
    AT+CRSM
    AT+CSAS
    AT+CSCA
    AT+CSCB
    AT+CSCS
    AT+CSDH
    AT+CSIM
    AT+CSMP
    AT+CSMS
    AT+CSQ                          - Signal Quality
    AT+CSSN
    AT+CSTA
    AT+CSVM
    AT+CTFR
    AT+CTZR
    AT+CTZU
    AT+CUAD                         - UICC Application Discovery
    AT+CUSD
    AT+CVHU
    
    AT+FCLASS                       - Select mode: put TA into mode: (data, fax, voice etc.)
    AT+IPR                          - This command specifies the data rate  at which the DCE will accept commands. The full range of data rate  values may be reduced dependent on HW or other criteria.
    AT+NEER                         
    AT+TRACE        *               ? (see: +XSIO) This command controls the  trace; it allows selecting the trace mode, method and the trace data  transfer rate. 
    AT+VTD                          
    AT+VTS                          
    
    AT+XAACOPS                      ?
    AT+XAPP         *       !       - Known buffer overflow in Iphone 4S  (unsigned code execution):  Probably used to send executable code  (application) to BB! 
    AT+XBANDSEL                     ? This command allows to switch from  automatic band selection to selection of one or more (up to four) bands.
    AT+XCALLSTAT    *               ? Set reporting call status: This  command allows enabling / disabling the reporting voice call status on  DTE using an unsolicited result code +XCALLSTAT:  <call_id><stat>.
    AT+XCEER                        ?
    AT+XCGCLASS                     ?? Changing the startup MS Mobile class ("B", "CC")
    AT+XCONFIG              +       ?? This command allows the configuration of DLCs (Data Logical Channels). (see +XMUX)
    AT+XCOPS                        ? Display of the most adapted name of  the network.The command parameter <type> allows requesting the  name type which shall be displayed.
    AT+XCSP                         ? This command reads the customer  service profile (CSP) from the SIM. The CSP indicates the services that  are user accessible.
    AT+XCSPAGING                    ? This command allows enable/disable the  circuit switching paging. The command has an effect only when used  before +COPS or +CGATT.     
    AT+XCSSMS                       ? Initiate Resending of SMS over CS if GPRS Fails
    AT+XCTMS                        ? This command allows to set the TTY/CTM  behavior. The selected setting is stored also in NVRAM and remains  valid also after switch off the mobile
    AT+XDATACHANNEL                 ? This command configures the channel over which CSD or GPRS data shall be routed.
    AT+XDLCTEST                     ?
    AT+XDNS                         ? This command enables / disables a  dynamic DNS (Domain Name Service) request before context activation.
    AT+XDTMF                        ? This command allows setting the value  of SEND DTMF user setting that controls whether the DTMF tone generation  on request from SIM-TK is allowed.
    AT+XEER                         ?
    AT+XEONS                        ? displays the list of available  networks with details like long operator name, short operator name,  MCC/MNC, Long EONS name, Short EONS name for each PLMN.
    AT+XFDOR                        ? Trigger Fast Dormancy
    AT+XFDORT                       ? Set Fast Dormancy Timer
    AT+XGAUTH                       ? This proprietary command allows to  enter the type of authentication for a user-name (using a password) for  the specified PDP context
    AT+XGENDATA                     ? This command requests the software version and generation data.
    AT+XHOMEZR                      ? This Set command enables and disables  the home zone change event reporting. If the reporting is enabled; the  MT returns the unsolicited result code +XHOMEZR: <label> whenever  the home zone is changed.
    AT+XHSDUPA                      ? This command configures the mode of  HSDPA and HSUPA (by changing the appropriate dynamic NVRAM parameter)
    AT+XL1SET                       ? Call the L1-specific function
    AT+XLEMA                        ??? Emergency number list (Ofono)
    AT+XLIN                         ? This command sets the current line.
    AT+XLOG         *       !       - Known buffer overflow in Iphone 4S  (unsigned code execution) ? This command allows displaying the  exceptions stored in NVRAM on DTE. The MS-error LOG is contained in a  response code formatted as +XLOG:  <num>,<code>,<file>,<line>,<count> or an  other appropriate format as specified below.
    AT+XMER                         ? Enables or disables sending of  unsolicited result codes from the MS to the DTE when the battery charge  level or the radio signal level crosses a defined threshold.
    AT+XMUX                 +       ? Multiplexing mode: This command configures the GSM 07.10 multiplexing protocol. 
    AT+XNOTIFYDUNSTATUS             ??? (LG) This command is used to notify DNS setting status
    AT+XNVMMCC                      ?
    AT+XNVMPLMN                     ?
    AT+XPINCNT                      - This command reads the remaining attempts for SIM PIN, SIM PIN2, SIM PUK and SIM PUK2.        
    AT+XPOW                         ? This command sets the powersaving-mode.
    AT+XPROGRESS                    ? This command allows enabling /  disabling the display of an unsolicited result code + XPROGRESS:  <cin> (call number indication), <status> on DTE while a call  is in progress.
    AT+XRAT                         ? This command forces the selection of the Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the protocol stack.
    AT+XREDIAL                      ? Enabling of automatic redialing if the called party was busy.
    AT+XREG                 !       ? Involved in the iPhone unlock hacks...
    AT+XRXDIV       *               ? This command is used to allow external  control of the Rx Diversity feature during runtime.            
    AT+XSETCAUSE                    ?
    AT+XSIMSTATE                    ? Display SIM and Phonelock Status  (write at+xsimstate=1 to turn on, at+xsimstate=0 to turn off) 
    AT+XSIO         *               ? This command allows the configuration  of the modem-interface (AT), trace-interface, IrDA interface and  MUX-interface by setting the variant number.
    AT+XSMS                         ? Detection of Signal DR_SM_FINISHED_IND
    AT+XSVM                         ? This command allows to set the voice mail server number.
    AT+XSYSTRACE                    ?
    AT+XTESM                        ?
    AT+XTRACECONFIG                 ?
    AT+XUBANDSEL                    ?
    AT+XUICC                        - Checks for UICC Card, whether the current SIM is a 2G or 3G sim.
    AT+XVTS                         -
    As you can see there are quite a few OEM commands here, whose functions I have not been able to
    figure out yet. Please post if you know anything or have any documentation on these. They all
    start with: AT+X<something>. There are also others that, that are not documented at all, AFAIK.
    [2012-02-05]

    On this list, the most interesting ATC's for our purposes are AT+XSIO and AT+XTRACE as described here:
    Code:
    [B]AT+XSIO[/B]         This command allows the configuration of the modem-interface (AT), 
                    trace-interface, IrDA interface and MUX-interface by setting the 
                    variant number.
    
                    • Set command allows the configuration of the modem-interface (AT), trace-interface, IrDA interface and
                      MUX-interface by setting the variant number. The set variant number becomes active only after a reset
                    • Read command allows seeing which is the current variant and which is the requested variant. A star marks
                      the active variant.
                    • Test command returns the possible and customizable variants.
    
    Defined values:
                    <requested>     requested variant, which may be in range 0-255
                    <active>        currently active variant, which may be in range 0-255
                    <AT-interface>  NULL, UART0, …, UARTn
                    <Trace>         NULL, UART0, …, UARTn
                    <MUX>           1-x
                    <IrDA>          NULL, UART0, …, UARTn
    Example:
    
    [B]AT+XSIO=?[/B]                                                                       
    
    +XSIO: [SP62XX_es1] Variant=0:  AT= USART2 USB[03]; BB-Trace= USB1; 3G-Trace= USB2; OCT= USB6;                                                                  
    +XSIO: Variant=1 :  AT= USART2 USB[03]; BB-Trace= TADO0; 3G-Trace= TADO1; OCT= USB1;                                                                            
    +XSIO: Variant=2 :  AT= USART2 USB[01]; BB-Trace= BG0; 3G-Trace= BG1;           
    +XSIO: Variant=3 :  AT= USB[01]; BB-Trace= USART2; 3G-Trace= USIF5; OCT= USB6;  
    +XSIO: Variant=4 :  AT= USART2 USB[01]; BB-Trace=/bbt/0; 3G-Trace=/3gt/0;       
    
    [B]AT+XSIO? [/B]                                                                       
    
    +XSIO: 0, *0
    
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [B]AT+TRACE[/B]        This command controls the trace; it allows selecting the trace mode,
                    method and the trace data transfer rate. 
    
                    • Set command switches the trace on or off. It allows the trace mode, method and the trace data transfer rate.
                    • Read command allows seeing the current set mode value along with the speed, i.e. data transfer rate. It also
                      allows knowing which traceable unit is on or off.
                    • Test command returns all the possible values of mode, data transfer rate, traceable unit, their mode and
                      power saving countdown.
    
    Command Syntax:
                    
    AT+TRACE=[<mode>],[<speed>],[<unit>=<umode>],[<method>],[PowerSavingCountdown]
    
    Defined Valuse:
    
    <mode>  may be
    0       switch trace off
    1       switch trace on (all kinds of traces are switched on)
    128     This value can not be entered, it is only displayed via read 
            syntax if trace configuration is done by unitdefinitions
            the last time. See <umode> & <unit> for trace configuration;
    
    <unit>=<umode>
    <unit> indicates a traceable unit as follows:
    
    St stack
    Pf printf
    Bt Bluetooth
    Ap apoxi
    Db debug
    Lt LLT (Low Level Trace)
    Li LwIP (Lightweight TCP/IP Stack)
    Ga GATE (3rd Party Software Decoding with a Windows DLL)
    
    <umode> defines whether the unit related trace is on or off and can have the values:
    
    0 unit-trace off
    1 unit-trace on
    
    <method> sting type indicating the trace method with possible values:
    
    "BTM" byte stuffing trace method
    "EBTM" extended byte stuffing trace method
    
    <PowerSavingCountdown> 
            Integer value indicating the power saving countdown 
            value in units of milliseconds. The maximum valid value is
            30000.
    
    Example:
    
    [B]AT+TRACE? [/B]                                                                      
    +TRACE: 1,921600,"ap=1;st=1;db=1;pr=1;bt=1,lt=1;li=1;ga=1;ae=1","DTM",0
    [2012-02-14]

    Additional hidden AT commands on the SGS-2

    Runing strings on the stock /system/bin/drexe , you will find the following AT commands embedded.
    These are probably not directly supported by Modem, but rather interpreted by drexe, as
    they're not present in the +CLAC list. In addition, some of them just don't work and maybe only
    provided for backward compatibility for other devices and modems.

    Code:
    AT+APPLIST
    AT+AUTHKEY=
    AT+BATGETLEVEL?
    AT+CERTKEY
    AT+CGMM
    AT+CGSN
    AT+CGTEMR=NewPCStudio
    AT+DEVAUTH
    AT+DEVCONINFO
    AT+DISSTRNO=
    AT+FOTALOC?
    AT+FOTAREADY?
    AT+FOTASTART
    AT+FUS?
    AT+GMM
    AT+GSN
    AT+HIDSWVER
    AT+IMEINUM
    AT+PASSWORDINPUT
    AT+PRODUCTCODE
    AT+PROF=
    AT+SECUKEY
    AT+SUDDLMOD=
    AT+SUPPORTFUS
    AT+SWVER
    AT+SYNCML=MOBEXSTART
    AT+SYNCML=MOBEXSTOP
    [2012-02-09]
    7
    I am the Replicant developer who worked on Nexus S port and also did the work on aries (galaxy s, galaxy tab) devices and wrote a big part of the free RIL.

    Replicant is a fully free Android derivate running on some devices (mostly Google phones).

    If you have any question regarding samsung modems in Android phones, i'd be happy to answer them!

    I'll attach the mail I sent back to E:V:A next

    ---------- Post added at 08:27 PM ---------- Previous post was at 08:22 PM ----------

    Modems on Android devices is a wide domain.
    Phones differ on many things, like:
    * modem chipset
    * modem firmware
    * transport modem <-> AP
    * modem protocol
    * user-space integration (Android RIL)

    First thing is the modem chipset. There are quite a few. For instance on
    HTC phones, you'll have the ones included in the MSM or QSD SoCs (which
    is quite unusual, modems aren't often part of the SoC) IIRC.
    On other devices, it'll be a separate chip connected to the SoC via
    various transport methods.

    I know better the case of recent Samsung phones, like Nexus S, Galaxy S,
    Galaxy Tab (first gen), Galaxy S2, etc.

    There, you have the modem, usually an intel x-gold 6xx, that is wired to
    the SoC. So transport is done via serial line and/or some dedicated RAM
    memory (not from the main sticks).

    Even though a phone can have the same modem wired (at hardware level)
    the same way, the kernel drivers can be different. That's the case of
    nexus s and galaxy s. On the first one, modem Rx/Tx with AP is done via
    ioctls while on galaxy s it's done via a PHONET network interface
    (svnet0). SO it's not (and particularly on Samsung phones) only a serial
    interface you can open with screen: you need to understand how it's done
    and write dedicated software to reproduce this (cf. the code on
    libsamsung-ipc/devices/ that is device-specific).

    So once you have transport set up, you need to know about the protocol
    the modem speaks. This depends on the firmware the modem is running.
    I know that the modem used in Nexus S is also used in some iPhone (4G
    IIRC) but it has a different firmware and so speaks a different
    protocol. I suspect it to be AT on the iPhone while Nexus S speaks a
    samsung-specific modem protocol. They invented that protocol and
    rewritten the modem firmware to use it instead of AT or anything else.
    This protocol is usually called "Samsung IPC Protocol" and we have a
    free implementation of it in libsamsung-ipc and samsung-ril.

    On the Nokia N900, transport is also a PHONET socket and the protocol is
    neither AT nor Samsung IPC but some protocol made by nokia and
    implemented in ofono.

    So you have exemples of different transport methods and modem protocols.
    I could give you more exemples.

    Of course, on Android, you need to have the user-space programs (the RIL
    mainly) to match both the transport scheme and the modem protocol to
    have anything working.

    > Please have a look at our XDA-forum thread:
    >
    > "How to talk to the Modem with AT commands":
    > http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1471241

    Apparently you were able to contact the modem with some AT commands.
    Either the modem has an AT mode that can run along with IPC (would
    surprise me, but why not), but it may very well be uncompleted and is
    anyway not used at all in official binaries, either this is Android
    emulating and AT device while sending back stuff from and to the RIL,
    either this is not the modem.

    Anyway I can tell you for sure that this is absolutely not the way to
    talk to the modem properly. The correct way is to use the IPC protocol
    and appropriate transport handling (which is way more complex than only
    opening a serial line).

    I just started the work on galaxy s2, I'll soon have done the transport
    layer and we already know the protocol.
    3
    Very good to read, thanks for linking me that. :)
    But just to correct - AT is abit deprecated interface in SGS, SGS2 and similiar models. It can be used to control modem directly from PC (not sure if PC is really directly talking to modem or to part of Android's HALs, which is then talking to modem, for eg. USB-UART multiplexer in I9000 and S8500/S8530 is capable to switch phone MicroUSB port between AP USB/UART and CP USB/UART.
    The main controlling interface used in above models is RPC through oneDRAM shared-memory area. You can find devices like "dpram", "onedram", "modemctl" in kernel - these are critical for proper working of modem. Even if RIL is using AT commands, it does send them through RPC.
    AP-CP UART connection seems to be used only for early booting stage (at least in I9000 and S8500, haven't analysed I9100 but guess that's similiar)


    Ad1. There may be no real ability to communicate with modem directly on SGS2 and AT responses you are getting may be from Android, working on AP only, not AMSS (Advanced Mobile Subscriber Software - RTOS working on Qualcomm's CP)

    Ad4. These datasheets are most guarded secrets of manufacturers. Only single, incomplete manuals leak from Qualcomm, not really useful. Also AP-CP RPC protocol is proprietary of Samsung, they got AMSS sources from Qualcomm and they are adding their own drivers there.

    Oh yes, I gave Qualcomm as example, but is CP in SGS2 Qualcomm? It wasn't QC product on SGS1 but tbh it is also very closed source.

    While AP-CP low level protocol is opensource (you can find it in dpram/onedram/modemctl drivers in kernel), higher level of that layer - compiled into sec-RIL, is not.
    AP-CP protocol is different between I9000 and S8500 (general concept remains the same, just it has been rewriten so packet types and structures are different), but if you are interested - we're creating opensource RIL for S8000/S8500/S8530/S8600 device series, supposed to work with Android ports for them - http://code.google.com/p/bada-modemril/ (branch experimental-MochaIPC)