Things You Should Know About Lithium Ion Battery

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Xenova

Senior Member
May 4, 2011
518
1,362
Too many people I’ve met have misconceptions, wrong understanding or simply no idea at all about how to maintain the batteries inside their new spanking new electronic gadgets. More often than not, it will be one of those nifty, super-slim lithium-ion variants. So I decided to write this little primer to help you, erm, I mean, your techno-phobic friends along.

Note that my recommendations are catered along the lines of practical convenience as well as pure battery maintenance facts alone. As with everything, there is often more than a way to skin a cat. I do try to explain my rationale behind my recommendations, so do try to read on before clobbering me on the head with your PhD in advanced materials science.

Tip #1: Lithium-ion batteries are limited by their life-spans
Found an e-bay offer for a lithium-ion battery pack for your ageing notebook or PDA at bargain prices? Or saw that battery pack for your gadget in its dusty sealed package at the corner store of the flea market? Before you jump and snap it up, be sure to first check the manufacturer date.
We all know that all batteries are limited by a finite number of charging “cycles”. However, it is a little publicized fact that the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries are also limited by their manufacture date.

Your lithium-ion battery starts dying the moment it leaves the factory

The fact is, your lithium-ion battery starts dying the moment it leaves the factory! Of course, the actual life-span of an unused lithium-ion battery can vary by a fair amount based on its internal charge as well as the external temperature. But suffice to say that you can expect to irreversibly lose 20% of a lithium-ion battery’s charge every year from its original date of manufacture.
PDA came with more than one spare battery? Take it out of its shrink-wrap and use it interchangeably – today. Thinking of buying a “spare” battery for use in future? Well, just save the money and buy it only when you are ready to use it.

Tip #2: Avoid allowing your device to discharge completely

Every wondered why your modern phone, PDA or iPod is able to cheerfully tell you that “Your battery is now exhausted” for several seconds on its brightly-lid LCD screen before switching off? The reason is simple; there is an artificial circuit that shuts off the device when the charge in the battery is too low.
This extraneous circuit is built to protect from the damage that could result if the charge of your lithium ion battery falls too low. If you still don’t get it: if the charge of your lithium ion battery falls too low, the battery can get irreversibly and permanently damaged. So since Lithium Ion has no “memory effect”, it is better to simply charge your portable device as and when you can or remember.
To set your mind at ease, a “charge cycle” means a single iteration of depleting followed by a re-charge until 100% of battery charge. If you consume 50% of your iPod’s battery on day 1, recharge to 100% at night, and do the same thing on day 2, then you would have just finished up one charge cycle of its battery life.

Constantly recharging a lithium ion battery does not shorten the battery life more than normal usage would

Hence constantly recharging a lithium ion battery does not shorten the battery life more than normal usage would. Avoid letting it sit on empty for too long; instead, keep it charged-up if you can.

Tip #3: Take the battery out of your notebook computer when connected to AC helps… not!

Well ok, actually, taking out the battery from your notebook computer might help, but the reason it does is not really what you think it is.
It is not because of over-charging as most people might believe. There are some really smart circuits monitoring your lithium ion battery (See reason #2 above), and these circuits also ensure that your precious lithium ion never gets overcharged.

However, if there is another killer of lithium ion batteries other than old-age, then it would be heat. Long term exposure of a lithium ion battery to temperatures higher than 40 degrees Celsius permanently reduces its total charge capacity by noticeable percentages chunks per year. Having said that, I would hazard that modern processor like the Centrino Duo runs quite coolly overall.

On the other hand, it is really painful to see someone plug their AC adapter to their laptop, carefully remove the battery and put it aside, then finally sit down and switch on their laptop. Then have someone trip over their AC adapter an hour into an unsaved document. Ouch.

Unless you are setting up the laptop at Wal-Mart or Carrefour to run practically 24/7 until its time to sell it off at “display unit” pricing, my recommendation would be to save yourself the trouble and just leave the battery in. Actually, I think the real motivation to take the battery out of shop display units is to prevent theft. Really, why make it so inconvenient for yourself when the battery will be literally unusable in a few years time.


Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/laptops...w-about-your-lithium-ion-battery-4346670.html

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEW ADDON:
Some also claimed that we should minimize the duration of the battery remain at high voltage (e.g. 4.2v / 100%). This is spoil the battery because the corrosion activities are relatively high when the battery is in high voltage/ full charge.
Put it short, after fully charge your battery, please use it ASAP. It won't give birth little baby battery if you leave it there with full charge :)

One way of Storing Battery for Long time
If you were to store your battery for a long time, discharge it to 40%. Keep it in a dry and cool place.
For me, my engineer friend teach me a way to keep battery, and i have tried this myself for last few years.
I put the battery into the industrial grade vacuum bag and vacuum it (almost no air in the package), then i store it in my refrigerator (around 0 -3 Celsius). I do this if i want to keep the battery there to sit few months.

NOTE: Make sure it is really a vacuum bag. Else the air in the bag will become moist and may spoil your battery. Careful


<<< Please click on "Thanks" if you found this information helpful.>>
Please DO NOT reply to just to say thanks or Quote the main thread again when reply.
You're welcome to reply/post if you have any QUESTION/ SUGGESTION / COMMENT
We much appreciated your cooperation to make this thread CLEAN :)
Thanks for your understanding:)


Other Interesting Thread :D
Looking for specific tricks to save battery on your android devices?
Feel free to look at this thread
http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1189755

Speed up your GPS fixing speed like Thunder (99.9% works unless your hardware broke)
http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1239713

### for li-po battery http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=209187
 
Last edited:

Audren

Member
Jul 5, 2011
28
0
nice! Didnt know about the battery cycles! :)

Sent from my GT-i9100 with MIUI 1.7.8 - xda premium app
 

pudgybunnyBry

Senior Member
Jul 12, 2011
243
54
Portland
This is a lot of very useful information. I can guarantee that I have always been misinformed on two out of three of these tips. Though really do hardly ever let my batteries discharge completely, and only remove my batter from my laptop when absolutely necessary. Still, nice to know so I know what not to do anymore!
 

Reign255

New member
Dec 12, 2010
3
4
Very good post and you are absolutely right about everything. Leaving the battery in a laptop for long periods of time with the computer being on generates an enormous amount of heat and kills cells within the battery. One thing I'd like to mention, however, is that you should always leave a lithium-ion based battery between 40-60% to have the longest battery life; 20-80% is a realistic range you should keep the battery in and is the next best thing. You never want to fully charge a battery, just like you should not let the battery die (cycling the battery would be something that should happen though if you are not getting the best of your battery life). Again, try not to have your battery passed 80% and not below 20%.

Another good tip is to not let your lithium-ion based devices (such as a GPS) in your car when it is hot out (or at all) because it will get hotter in your car than outside, your device's battery will be outside of its operating temperature and it will have cells that die out which will decrease the lifespan of your device's battery.
 

Xenova

Senior Member
May 4, 2011
518
1,362
20-80% is a realistic range you should keep the battery in and is the next best thing. You never want to fully charge a battery, just like you should not let the battery die (cycling the battery would be something that should happen though if you are not getting the best of your battery life). Again, try not to have your battery passed 80% and not below 20%.

Thanks for the sharing guy. That means u never charge ur phone until full? u plug off middle of charging (when it about to reach 80%)? This is true, but i hardly implement it because normally i leave it charged overnight. But the best time i can do is to minimize the time my battery will remain at high percentage (90 - 100%). :)
 

temo2k

Member
Oct 20, 2010
43
7
Good advice but it's hard to be diligent, and like most people my phone charges overnight.
 

Reign255

New member
Dec 12, 2010
3
4
Thanks for the sharing guy. That means u never charge ur phone until full? u plug off middle of charging (when it about to reach 80%)? This is true, but i hardly implement it because normally i leave it charged overnight. But the best time i can do is to minimize the time my battery will remain at high percentage (90 - 100%). :)

That's correct; I TRY not to charge my phone passed 80%, but that's obviously hard to do when you need your battery to last all day with use anyway. I try not to ever charge it overnight either.
 

Smiffyboots

Senior Member
Jul 9, 2011
258
74
Truro
Excellent reading, thank you for your time and effort in posting this.

Sent from my HTC Desire using XDA Premium App
 

pelopor

Member
Jun 24, 2011
16
0
Very good post and you are absolutely right about everything. Leaving the battery in a laptop for long periods of time with the computer being on generates an enormous amount of heat and kills cells within the battery. One thing I'd like to mention, however, is that you should always leave a lithium-ion based battery between 40-60% to have the longest battery life; 20-80% is a realistic range you should keep the battery in and is the next best thing. You never want to fully charge a battery, just like you should not let the battery die (cycling the battery would be something that should happen though if you are not getting the best of your battery life). Again, try not to have your battery passed 80% and not below 20%.

Another good tip is to not let your lithium-ion based devices (such as a GPS) in your car when it is hot out (or at all) because it will get hotter in your car than outside, your device's battery will be outside of its operating temperature and it will have cells that die out which will decrease the lifespan of your device's battery.

good info. this is the first time i read this. where did you find this info? any reference links?
 

neol

Member
Jun 11, 2011
39
3
informative post & I assumed draining battery fully helped in longer battery life. :eek:
 

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  • 518
    Too many people I’ve met have misconceptions, wrong understanding or simply no idea at all about how to maintain the batteries inside their new spanking new electronic gadgets. More often than not, it will be one of those nifty, super-slim lithium-ion variants. So I decided to write this little primer to help you, erm, I mean, your techno-phobic friends along.

    Note that my recommendations are catered along the lines of practical convenience as well as pure battery maintenance facts alone. As with everything, there is often more than a way to skin a cat. I do try to explain my rationale behind my recommendations, so do try to read on before clobbering me on the head with your PhD in advanced materials science.

    Tip #1: Lithium-ion batteries are limited by their life-spans
    Found an e-bay offer for a lithium-ion battery pack for your ageing notebook or PDA at bargain prices? Or saw that battery pack for your gadget in its dusty sealed package at the corner store of the flea market? Before you jump and snap it up, be sure to first check the manufacturer date.
    We all know that all batteries are limited by a finite number of charging “cycles”. However, it is a little publicized fact that the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries are also limited by their manufacture date.

    Your lithium-ion battery starts dying the moment it leaves the factory

    The fact is, your lithium-ion battery starts dying the moment it leaves the factory! Of course, the actual life-span of an unused lithium-ion battery can vary by a fair amount based on its internal charge as well as the external temperature. But suffice to say that you can expect to irreversibly lose 20% of a lithium-ion battery’s charge every year from its original date of manufacture.
    PDA came with more than one spare battery? Take it out of its shrink-wrap and use it interchangeably – today. Thinking of buying a “spare” battery for use in future? Well, just save the money and buy it only when you are ready to use it.

    Tip #2: Avoid allowing your device to discharge completely

    Every wondered why your modern phone, PDA or iPod is able to cheerfully tell you that “Your battery is now exhausted” for several seconds on its brightly-lid LCD screen before switching off? The reason is simple; there is an artificial circuit that shuts off the device when the charge in the battery is too low.
    This extraneous circuit is built to protect from the damage that could result if the charge of your lithium ion battery falls too low. If you still don’t get it: if the charge of your lithium ion battery falls too low, the battery can get irreversibly and permanently damaged. So since Lithium Ion has no “memory effect”, it is better to simply charge your portable device as and when you can or remember.
    To set your mind at ease, a “charge cycle” means a single iteration of depleting followed by a re-charge until 100% of battery charge. If you consume 50% of your iPod’s battery on day 1, recharge to 100% at night, and do the same thing on day 2, then you would have just finished up one charge cycle of its battery life.

    Constantly recharging a lithium ion battery does not shorten the battery life more than normal usage would

    Hence constantly recharging a lithium ion battery does not shorten the battery life more than normal usage would. Avoid letting it sit on empty for too long; instead, keep it charged-up if you can.

    Tip #3: Take the battery out of your notebook computer when connected to AC helps… not!

    Well ok, actually, taking out the battery from your notebook computer might help, but the reason it does is not really what you think it is.
    It is not because of over-charging as most people might believe. There are some really smart circuits monitoring your lithium ion battery (See reason #2 above), and these circuits also ensure that your precious lithium ion never gets overcharged.

    However, if there is another killer of lithium ion batteries other than old-age, then it would be heat. Long term exposure of a lithium ion battery to temperatures higher than 40 degrees Celsius permanently reduces its total charge capacity by noticeable percentages chunks per year. Having said that, I would hazard that modern processor like the Centrino Duo runs quite coolly overall.

    On the other hand, it is really painful to see someone plug their AC adapter to their laptop, carefully remove the battery and put it aside, then finally sit down and switch on their laptop. Then have someone trip over their AC adapter an hour into an unsaved document. Ouch.

    Unless you are setting up the laptop at Wal-Mart or Carrefour to run practically 24/7 until its time to sell it off at “display unit” pricing, my recommendation would be to save yourself the trouble and just leave the battery in. Actually, I think the real motivation to take the battery out of shop display units is to prevent theft. Really, why make it so inconvenient for yourself when the battery will be literally unusable in a few years time.


    Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/laptops...w-about-your-lithium-ion-battery-4346670.html

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    NEW ADDON:
    Some also claimed that we should minimize the duration of the battery remain at high voltage (e.g. 4.2v / 100%). This is spoil the battery because the corrosion activities are relatively high when the battery is in high voltage/ full charge.
    Put it short, after fully charge your battery, please use it ASAP. It won't give birth little baby battery if you leave it there with full charge :)

    One way of Storing Battery for Long time
    If you were to store your battery for a long time, discharge it to 40%. Keep it in a dry and cool place.
    For me, my engineer friend teach me a way to keep battery, and i have tried this myself for last few years.
    I put the battery into the industrial grade vacuum bag and vacuum it (almost no air in the package), then i store it in my refrigerator (around 0 -3 Celsius). I do this if i want to keep the battery there to sit few months.

    NOTE: Make sure it is really a vacuum bag. Else the air in the bag will become moist and may spoil your battery. Careful


    <<< Please click on "Thanks" if you found this information helpful.>>
    Please DO NOT reply to just to say thanks or Quote the main thread again when reply.
    You're welcome to reply/post if you have any QUESTION/ SUGGESTION / COMMENT
    We much appreciated your cooperation to make this thread CLEAN :)
    Thanks for your understanding:)


    Other Interesting Thread :D
    Looking for specific tricks to save battery on your android devices?
    Feel free to look at this thread
    http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1189755

    Speed up your GPS fixing speed like Thunder (99.9% works unless your hardware broke)
    http://xdaforums.com/showthread.php?t=1239713

    ### for li-po battery http://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?t=209187
    4
    Very good post and you are absolutely right about everything. Leaving the battery in a laptop for long periods of time with the computer being on generates an enormous amount of heat and kills cells within the battery. One thing I'd like to mention, however, is that you should always leave a lithium-ion based battery between 40-60% to have the longest battery life; 20-80% is a realistic range you should keep the battery in and is the next best thing. You never want to fully charge a battery, just like you should not let the battery die (cycling the battery would be something that should happen though if you are not getting the best of your battery life). Again, try not to have your battery passed 80% and not below 20%.

    Another good tip is to not let your lithium-ion based devices (such as a GPS) in your car when it is hot out (or at all) because it will get hotter in your car than outside, your device's battery will be outside of its operating temperature and it will have cells that die out which will decrease the lifespan of your device's battery.
    4
    Hopefully This will help a little (I'm a Li-ion/Li-ion polymer battery engineer)
    The main things that affect a batteries lifespan are the specific charge and discharge regimes (the "work" the battery has to do) and then secondly the cyclic history a cell has undergone (temperature does affect performance so try not to use your phone while in an oven and don't expect full capacity if you keep you phone in the freezer)

    -so to simplify/generalize if you have a phone that uses the entire battery capacity in 5 hours and you put that same battery in a phone that uses the same capacity in 10hours (a less aggressive discharge), the battery will also last for more cycles and have a longer overall lifespan. (it gets complicated, when you consider that it isn't a constant discharge, in reality there are high and low rate times based on what the phone is doing, and there are differences in a battery manufacturers chemistry that may offer advantages for a phone that has higher rate demands or a phone that has a lower peak rate, but targets longer run times)

    Soooo basically- not all lithium ion batteries are the same, don't compare a manufacturer's battery by how well it performed in another phone, I agree with the post from above, the less you use the battery the longer it will last :)
    Most lithium ion batteries nowadays don't suffer the "memory affect" (I've personally test a lot!!!)

    The person who wrote the article stated "Your lithium-ion battery starts dying the moment it leaves the factory" I believe they may be thinking of the slow process of self discharge...basically the 2 active parts of the battery aren't "perfectly" isolated and Li-ions are able to travel even when the phones not in use... I'd suggest they took some liberties with the term "dying"

    1 last thing...it's a common misconception that a particular phone has a poor battery when the phone can only run for 2 hours on a full charge for example. There's most likely a mismatch in the phone manufacturers understanding of the user's typical phone usage... software /power management maybe not optimized...

    unfortunately, it's hard to sum up what's the best way to take care of your battery and I give the author a thumbs up for trying but as you see it's a more complicated system than that...
    4
    Great info, Nice job putting it out there for everybody.
    Here is a link for some real detailed info on Lithium batteries
    http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries

    Keep in mind the guys that build the charging circuit's for our phone know a whole lot about lithium batteries and design them very carefully. Our phones taper off charge current ( Voltage limiting) as the phone gets near full charge, once full charge is reached they actually shut off the charge circuit until the Voltage drops off a bit, at that point it will resume charging, if you leave it plugged in it will effectively charge to 100% then discharge a bit, once low enough it will resume charging again, and continue this cycle until you unplug it.
    All while your phone says it is at 100% charge.

    Ever notice that you unplug it sometimes and it starts dropping % very soon, Other time's it takes longer before it starts dropping %? It all depends on where in that cycle you unplug it. The percent you see is a built in calculation on what they think you want to see. How mad would you be if you charged your phone all night and then unplugged it and it instantly said you were at 95%? humm....

    This is a great app that works on some devices if you are curious https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.manor.currentwidget&hl=en

    Overcharged lithium batteries equals FIRE! That is the last thing phone manufactures want! Well, the I-things have had problems with that... In my industry we call them thermal events. Fire is a bad word.

    Once again Great Job!
    3
    1)Can a battery ever blow up with regular use, like those cheap ones from China?
    Yes. Improbable but yes.

    2)is it safe to use a cheap eBay charger that didn't come with the phone but plugs in and the charge light comes on?
    As you don't know how does it charge the battery, when it stops charging the battery and what it does after the battery is fully charged the answer will be: NO.

    However I use one of those cheap docking stations for my Milestone which can also charge batteries and I do charge my secondary, cheap chinese battery in it regularly.