Hi everyone.
I found this thread while searching for an answer to the same problem, which drove me almost crazy, too.
I decided to post my solution here, so that it might help others in the future.
As I said: I had the said problem, too.
No writing to ext. SD card, also no writing to my USB-stick via USB-OTG (On The Go), after updating my Tab S2 (SM-T815) to Nougat (Android 7.0) with a stock ROM and then rooting it with magisk (which btw went surprisingly well!).
I am using FX File Explorer, bought it even to be able to use it as root explorer, imho it's one of the best ones out there.
Connected to my PC I could pull or write files to my internal storage as well as to my external SD card via MTP, though.
Strange, but to those of us with just enough know-how to not brick the phone when flashing "stuff" the higher functions seem to be magical anyway, so I didn't take too much time to wonder.
I tried unmounting and mounting both SD card and USB stick, but that would not help.
Also disabeling writing acces in FX explorer and enabeling it again showe no effect. All I got was an error message "Internal Error".
The post above gave me the hint about permissions. (I couldn't watch the linked Youtube video, because my PC has no speakers atm, and I also had no headphones. Also, it looks like the video solves an intirely different problem anyways, not sure why tensux posted this here!?)
So I checked the permissions by using FX.
I went to /root then checked the permissions for /root/sdcard which were set to rwx,rwx,rwx.
Then I checked the SD card (and the USB, while I was at it anyways) via root/storage/[technical name of my SD card like 5555-2843] and /root/storage/[technical name of my USB-stick like 2234-1289] and found that both had their permissions set to rwx,rx,rx.
I marked the respective folders, went to security through the context menu, and changed the permissions to rwx,rwx,rwx in each of them. It would not stick in the grafics, meaning afterwards the permissions still showed no change, even when I restarted the Tablet, but...
I went back to the regular FX explorer and unmounted and mounted both SD card and USB-stick again. I still got the error message, only this time I tried to copy, move or delete a file there was no problem anymore, neither from or to the SD card nor the USB-stick.
After several restarts I still can write to my SD card as well as to my USB-stick, so I must have done something right.
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Thank you XDA for being a place of knowledge, maybe I could give back a little and maybe this report helps someone else out there.