Apparently WhatsApp provides its own camera implementation using the Android camera APIs. The difference is that WhatsApp will have Android camera permission, while Google keep, which starts the system camera to take pictures, does not need this Android permission.
IMHO a well behaving app will use the system camera (unless it is a camera app of course) and it is questionable that the Whatsapp needs camera permission and is implementing its own camera (why should it?). Just this allows an app to take pictures behind your back. So, be careful with granting camera permissions to apps and if you need to, restrict the camera with XPrivacyLua.
Let's summarize:
- App provides own camera implementation: restricting the app will block the camera
- App uses system camera: restricting the app will allow the system camera to start
- System camera app: restricting the app will block the camera
I hope it is clear now.