I have a HTC One M8. I have a sdcard with 2 partitions. /dev/block/mmcblk1p1 is vfat, /dev/block/mmcblk1p2 is ext4. I've used this to mount the sdcard:
As root in a terminal, I can read and write to /storage/sdcard0/user-data no problem, however none of the apps can see it, not even file managers with root access. Maybe there is an extra step involved for KitKat? I'm also using the HandleExternalStorage Xposed module, which at least helps with the vfat partition.
Code:
mount -o remount,rw /
mkdir /storage/sdcard3
mount -o remount,ro /
mount -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk1p2 /storage/sdcard3
mkdir /storage/sdcard0/user-data
sdcard /storage/sdcard3 /storage/sdcard0/user-data 1023 1023 &