Thank you for your hints. The problem of "offline charging" was previously unknown to me. I kept trying to boot without success. I only succeeded with a trick. I put my tablet in the fridge (about 5 degrees Celsius) for about 2 hours. After several more attempts, I was finally able to boot to TWRP and charging went back to normal.
If I hadn't had any luck, I would have tried the following:
- Opening the tablet and removing the battery.
- Charging the battery outside the tablet with an external charger. This "MEGA-IDEA ICHARGER 3.0" is probably a good fit (also available from other retailers).
- Reinstalling the charged battery into the tablet.
I wonder if there is a chance in the future that the "offline charging" problem for the GSI's can be solved.
Otherwise, thank you again for your tips, which did not let me give up.