Upstream just means getting the latest patches from the Linux kernel that the stock kernel is based on. For the Pixel 2 devices, that's 4.4. Google is notoriously behind the actual Linux kernel, so some devs take it upon themselves to grab the patches from upstream. However, it does not mean they are grabbing features from a different kernel base entirely, like 4.9, that would be porting and tends to break stuff or and best, bring very little to the table.
And as much as I'd like to take credit for being "chiki" I was legitimately asking, as I hadn't looked at another kernel besides Flash I'm quite some time.