Thank you so much for your reply! I'm sure that option 5 is the best/safest route, but I'm wondering if there might be another easier way that would still be safe, especially since I remembered that I flashed non-stock logo bins and animations. From what I can remember, I think I flashed the 5.1 logo bin and animation, even though I was on 4.4.4, not realizing it would create an issue for the OTA. That must be why the OTA aborted. So, if I just flash back the stock logo bin and animation for 4.4.4, then I think I should be able to take the OTA. Is that correct? Yes, I am unlocked having used sunshine, but all that I did with root was install the xposed framework (and flash different boot logos/animations). I uninstalled xposed, disabled superSU, flashed stock recovery (I had TWRP), PLUS I did a factory reset and wiped internal storage. So now I know I have stock system, stock recovery, and now I can flash stock logo bin and animation. Then I should be able to take the OTA, right?
Here is the problem.... custom Logo.bin does not get in the way of an OTA update. Nor does non-stock boot animiation (at least usually)...
Notice the BOLD I highlighted in your reply? Its possible that you will forget something else that you tweaked or customized... OR you won't sufficiently undo your changes. That is why OTA updates will fail for users who customize their phones. "Undoing the changes" and doing a factory reset does not ensure you are stock. The only 100% sure and fool proof way to return the phone to stock is fully flash it with the SBF (either parts or whole). Now, if all you did was modify contents of the system partition, then sure, flashing only system.img via mfastboot might be enough.
Based on what you are typing, I'm willing to bet you miss something and the OTA fails.
If I still can't get the OTA to work, and I have to flash the full 5.1 SBF, can I do that through TWRP? Or do I have to use a PC? I'm asking because I recently erased my PC to do a fresh installation of Windows 10. So I'd have to get all of the files/ADB/drivers again to use the PC method. Right now I have an app that allows me switch back and forth between stock and custom recoveries.
Thank you again for your help!
To flash a STOCK ROM you either use RSDLite or mFastboot. You can not flash a stock rom/SBF via TWRP. If you could, it would be one of the options in the 2nd post. Sure for RECOVERY, IF you are still rooted, you can use something like Rashr to flash stock or custom recovery (see ->
http://forum.xda-developers.com/moto-x/general/ref-return-to-stock-recovery-rooted-t3027079 ). And *IF* you haven't changed much of system, you can use that thread to take the OTA... BUT it relies on /system and the other parts not being modified so it can pass the the pre-flash validation checks.
I know you don't want to hear it, but your best, safest, and quickest way to 5.1 is to just use mfastboot or RSDLite and flashing the entire 5.1 SBF since you have it.
At this point, if you really want to go the ota route your process will be this...
1. Hope you undid root, Xposed, SuperSU, and any other customization done to your phone. (to pass pre-flash checks)
2. revert to Stock recovery
3. make sure all parts of your phone match and are consistent with the rom version on your phone. (includes bootloader, modem, etc)
4. Attempt to take the OTA.
5. If the OTA fails, spend the time trying to figure out why it failed, and fix that.
6. attempt to re-download the OTA Zip file and try to install it again.
7. If it fails, go back to step 5.
Or, you could take 10 minutes to install Android PlatformTools/ADB/mFastboot, the Moto drivers, and flash the 5.1 SBF directly and be done. (if you wont be customizing or tweaking the phone again so you don't want to install the Android SDK on your PC, you might be able to find a portable Platformtools/adb setup to try... then the only that will be "left" installed on your PC would be the moto drivers. just keep in mind that the "portable" ADB installs that you just "unzip" can get out of date which could cause issues)