I found a solution for my issue.
For the others out there suffering the same issue with a non-wiped phone:
I obviously did have some modules activated which still caused the phone to bootloop even with patched boot.img and Magisk 23016. This is problematic because even flashing the current patched boot.img does not help here (even if you uninstall the magisk manager first). Magisk is still loading the modules which are causing a bootloop here.
You have to do the following in this case: flash the patched boot.img and start in safe mode. The, run adb shell and enter "magisk --remove-modules". This will remove the modules and reboot your phone. The phone will then boot flawlessly.
Edit: Just saw your post @Homeboy76: Thanks.
Maybe it makes sense to give this hint on the first page to people which updated to Android 12 some time ago and didn't get root after the update and are now using the opporunity to root with the new Magisk version?
For the others out there suffering the same issue with a non-wiped phone:
I obviously did have some modules activated which still caused the phone to bootloop even with patched boot.img and Magisk 23016. This is problematic because even flashing the current patched boot.img does not help here (even if you uninstall the magisk manager first). Magisk is still loading the modules which are causing a bootloop here.
You have to do the following in this case: flash the patched boot.img and start in safe mode. The, run adb shell and enter "magisk --remove-modules". This will remove the modules and reboot your phone. The phone will then boot flawlessly.
Edit: Just saw your post @Homeboy76: Thanks.
Maybe it makes sense to give this hint on the first page to people which updated to Android 12 some time ago and didn't get root after the update and are now using the opporunity to root with the new Magisk version?