[GUIDES & FAQ][Merlin] Bootloader, Magisk, EdXposed, SafetyNet, GSI/Treble ROMs

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Akitake

Senior Member
Jan 20, 2018
121
49
You are doing wrong. If you are not sure for what you are doing, you have to use oficial flash scripts inside stock rom firmwares. This command "fastboot.exe reboot fastboot", makes no changes. Redmi Note 9 doesn't have system partition. You need to be sure for what you are doing before to do flash.

Please stop misinforming people, you don't know what you're talking about.

Regular fastboot (blue) doesn't allow for system modification.
fastboot reboot fastboot is used to enter fastbootd (yellow) mode, which allows for system flashing, in our case, of GSI's.

Note: You require the stock recovery to enter fastbootd mode.
 

Minhvlvl

Member
Aug 29, 2020
27
8
Redmi Note 9
Hey, can i ask you, since both merlin (Redmi Note 9) and lancelot (Redmi 9) now in the same branch, can i install Custom recovery for lancelot for my Redmi Note 9? I'm talking about PBRP
 

Akitake

Senior Member
Jan 20, 2018
121
49
Hey, can i ask you, since both merlin (Redmi Note 9) and lancelot (Redmi 9) now in the same branch, can i install Custom recovery for lancelot for my Redmi Note 9? I'm talking about PBRP

They only have the same kernel because the same MTK chip.
So I'm not sure about sharing recoveries.
Also, refrain from double-posting, use the edit function instead.
 

VD171

Senior Member
Jun 21, 2012
2,959
2
2,205
127.0.0.1
LG K10
Samsung Galaxy J7
Please stop misinforming people, you don't know what you're talking about.

Regular fastboot (blue) doesn't allow for system modification.
fastboot reboot fastboot is used to enter fastbootd (yellow) mode, which allows for system flashing, in our case, of GSI's.

Note: You require the stock recovery to enter fastbootd mode.

If you want to say "join in fastbootd", you just have to say "join in fastbootd".
And don't say "just type reboot and it will works".

System partition is not present in stock rom firmware. If it is present in GSI, just say "it is only for GSI".
If you dont like misinforming, just write enough informations. That's simple.
Just reboot to fastbootd doesn't makes no changes.
What matter is what you do inside it.
We humans can understand if you try to explain it.

Hey, can i ask you, since both merlin (Redmi Note 9) and lancelot (Redmi 9) now in the same branch, can i install Custom recovery for lancelot for my Redmi Note 9? I'm talking about PBRP

Never. Merlin and Lancelot are not same and they can't share same ROM.
Redmi Note 9 and Redmi 10X 4G, are same, and you can share the same ROM between then.
 

Akitake

Senior Member
Jan 20, 2018
121
49
If you want to say "join in fastbootd", you just have to say "join in fastbootd".
And don't say "just type reboot and it will works".

System partition is not present in stock rom firmware. If it is present in GSI, just say "it is only for GSI".
If you dont like misinforming, just write enough informations. That's simple.
Just reboot to fastbootd doesn't makes no changes.
What matter is what you do inside it.
We humans can understand if you try to explain it.

The goal is to have a step by step, easy to follow guide.
Using fastboot reboot fastboot will bring you into fastbootd which you need to flash system.
Writing that up in the guide will just confuse people further, all people want to know is how to do things properly.
In any case I'll be adding it to the faq part later I suppose, for people who are confused by that command.

PS: I've re-formatted the original post to improve readability. Let me know what you think!
 
Last edited:

DavitidzeSh

Senior Member
Dec 3, 2020
107
33
Tbilisi, Georgia
Redmi Note 9
Hi,

I think you should add this two things:

1st is an easier way to get the boot.img and vmbeta.img

Step one:
Go to https://xiaomifirmwareupdater.com/miui/merlin/

Step two: Select the corresponding Fastboot ROM to your device

Step three: Hit download, copy the link, and shut down the tab.

Step four: Go to https://extract.me/, Click URL, and put in the link.

1609405971913.png

1609406005559.png

Decompressing will take less than a Minute

Step five: Navigate to "images": click on boot.img and vmbeta.img

And Done! now you don't have to wait to download the entire ROM and you can get just what you want

The second is a Fix with EdXposed, it was mentioned by an other user but this one is different and Easier

Step one:
Install "Riru" Module from Magisk
1609406413920.png


Step two: Download EdXposed Manager

Step three: In EdXposed Manager, Go to the Alpha Section

Step four: You will see the Framework section, Just hit download
1609406593146.png

Step five: Install it in Magisk Manager

And Done! Now you don't have to downgrade And reinstall Magisk Manager!

PS: I also want to thank OP for an amazing guide! you helped me root my phone for the first time, Appreciate ya!​
 

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Akitake

Senior Member
Jan 20, 2018
121
49
First of all, I want to thank you for your kind words, they mean a lot ♥
Also thank you very much for your tips, especially the extractor one, I forgot those services existed!
Will implement both of your suggestions right now.

Edit: Actually not going to modify it for the Extractor one, I don't want to rely on a third party service.
On top of that the website seems a little clunky and would be confusing for a few people.
That said I'll still provide it as an alternative to the original way of doing it and point to your post for it.

Also: I've done some further cleaning up of the post and re-formatting.
Decided to try de-centering everything except images and see how it looks.
 
Last edited:
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DavitidzeSh

Senior Member
Dec 3, 2020
107
33
Tbilisi, Georgia
Redmi Note 9
First of all, I want to thank you for your kind words, they mean a lot ♥
Also thank you very much for your tips, especially the extractor one, I forgot those services existed!
Will implement both of your suggestions right now.

Edit: Actually not going to modify it for the Extractor one, I don't want to rely on a third party service.
On top of that the website seems a little clunky and would be confusing for a few people.
That said I'll still provide it as an alternative to the original way of doing it and point to your post for it.

Also: I've done some further cleaning up of the post and re-formatting.
Decided to try de-centering everything except images and see how it looks.
First off, thanks for adding my suggestions

And second, yes the website is weird, I found it by accident and the UI is weird, but (For me atleast) MIUI downloads take lots of time (even though I have decent speeds) so its a good alternative.

And at last decentering the guide made it better, probably because I wasn't used to seeing it centered.
 
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UpperCenter

Member
May 12, 2018
10
0
OnePlus 7 Pro
Hey, yes, CAOS doesn't come rooted, and if you take a bgN version (g stands for google), you'll have Google apps.
Whereas bvN version is v for vanilla, no google.

Thanks for that, so If I was to root at some point, I would loose NFC / Google Pay functionality?
I've only ever owned and rooted Samsung devices, and I know Knox is a little different and hard to bypass.
 

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  • 15
    DISCLAIMERS (please read !)
    • This thread is made for the Redmi Note 9, also known as Redmi 10X 4G.
    • This device's codename is Merlin.
    • I will not be held responsible if you brick your device.
    • Follow the instructions shown in this thread at your own risks.
    • Follow the steps and ask questions below when unsure, everything will be fine!
    • No files will be directly provided. Do not use pre-created/re-uploaded files.
    • Feel free to cite parts of this thread in your own, just make sure to give credit where it's due.

    Prerequisites for most manipulations
    • Your phone, well charged if possible
    • The USB cable used to link your phone to your computer (the one on your charger works just fine)
    • A computer, with recent ADB & Fastboot (Platform Tools)
    • Some time, patience, and the ability to read and follow instructions!

    Tutorials

    Step 1
    Make sure you have a Mi Account ready.
    You should've created one when first setting up your phone, with your phone number and a password.

    - If you have it: Double-check you have access to it by attempting to connect on Xiaomi's official website (Login page).
    - If you don't: Create one with the Create an account button below the password form (same link as above), then connect to it.

    Step 2
    On your PC, go to Xiaomi's unlock page and click the colored Download Mi Unlock button.

    j8fgLYw.jpg

    Step 3
    A download should start. Wait for it to finish, move the archive to your desktop and extract its content.

    fOlOpW1.jpg

    Step 4
    Inside the extracted folder, double click the file called miflash_unlock.exe to start Xiaomi's Unlocking program.

    NqDFN3F.jpg

    Step 5
    Read Xiaomi's Disclaimer then agree to their terms, or stop here and leave this thread if you don't.

    7LDJov0.jpg

    Step 6
    Sign in to your Mi Account we talked about in Step 1.

    Zx6fr6T.jpg

    Step 7
    Let's get your phone ready for unlocking.
    • Go to your phone's Settings > Mi Account and make sure you're logged in.
    • Now Settings > About Phone and tap the "MIUI Version" box multiple times until it says You are now a developer!
    • And finally Settings > Additional Settings > Developer Options

    Enable the following settings inside Developer Options, and click Accept when warnings pop-up:
    • OEM Unlocking
    • USB Debugging
    Still in Developer Options, check your Mi Unlock status and click the Add account and device button at the bottom if present.
    Make sure to backup your phone's data before continuing on with this tutorial, as unlocking will make it factory reset (wipe)!

    Step 8
    Alright, all backed up? Confident? Let's get going with the final steps.
    • Turn off your phone.
    • Turn it back on into fastboot mode by holding down the Power button AND Volume Down together until it vibrates, you may then let go of the Power Button, but keep Volume Down held until you see the fastboot image on your phone.
    82hjtTV.jpg
    • Connect your phone to your computer with the USB Cable.
    • Xiaomi's Software should detect it. If not, click on the cog-wheel in the top right, click the Check button to install the driver and follow instructions, then keep going.
    • Click Unlock, and follow the instructions!
    Now there are two possible scenarios
    • Either you've done all this before and can have your phone unlocked right away.
    • Or this is the first time and at the end of the progress it'll ask you to wait ~7days, and, well, there's no way around that, so come back in 7 days and start from Step 8 again.
    And there you go! Your phone will reboot and you can set it all up again, with the ability to follow the rooting tutorial below, and you can also install custom ROMs/recovery!
    Step 1
    Download the latest Magisk .apk on your phone.
    Go to the link above, click the latest (topmost) Magisk-vXX.X.apk you see in the list to start the download, open the file and install it.

    Step 2
    Go to the download page for the MIUI Official Rom for your region, make sure to get the fastboot version.
    OR (if you don't want/can't download 3gb of ROM)
    Follow DavitidzeSh's instructions on how to gather the boot.img and vbmeta.img files and SKIP to Step 5.
    OR (if you're on a custom rom)
    Look into your custom rom's .zip, find the boot.img and vbmeta.img files and SKIP to Step 5.

    Step 3
    Take the file you downloaded above, it should be a .tgz archive.
    Extract it, you'll get a .tar achive.
    Extract that one again.

    Step 4
    You should now have a folder similar to the one below

    d1H2K4g.jpg

    Go inside the images folder

    KQ7GB7S.jpg

    Step 5
    Grab the the vbmeta.img file and copy it to your ADB & Fastboot (Platform Tools) folder.
    Grab the boot.img file and copy it to your phone's internal storage.
    (where the Android, DCIM, Download, and more are present, just drop it in there)

    Here's how it should look inside your phone's storage in the end.

    uiusbXG.jpg

    Step 6
    On your phone, open up Magisk Manager.
    • Click the Magisk Install button as shown below.
    • Then Select and Patch a File.
    • Go look for your boot.img you previously copied to your phone and pick it.
    • Click Let's go! and wait for Magisk to complete the process!

    Z8o3ai9.jpg

    Step 7
    Link your phone to your PC, grab the file made by Magisk Manager.
    It's located in your phone's downloads folder, called magisk_patched.img.
    Copy and paste it where your ADB & Fastboot (Platform Tools) are located.

    You should now have a folder structure like this:
    • adb.exe
    • fastboot.exe
    • magisk_patched.img
    • vbmeta.img
    • Extra files from the platform tools

    epfTRVa.jpg

    Step 8
    Alright, we're ready to root!
    Turn off your phone, then get in fastboot mode.
    (Power + Volume Down, like the unlocking tutorial)

    Step 9
    Link your phone to your PC with the USB cable if not done already.

    Step 10
    Shift + Right click in an empty space inside the folder we prepared in Step 7,
    And click Open PowerShell window here.

    Inside the PowerShell window, input the following commands line by line, in order.

    .\fastboot.exe devices

    Make sure your device shows up, should be a bunch of numbers and letters, a couple spaces, and fastboot.
    If nothing does, go back to Step 8 and try again.


    .\fastboot.exe --disable-verity --disable-verification flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
    .\fastboot.exe flash boot .\magisk_patched.img
    .\fastboot.exe reboot

    Z5zUaGR.jpg

    Note: Your PowerShell window will look different, I'm using a different program, don't worry

    Your phone will reboot.
    Open up Magisk Manager, and double check that it's installed.


    0nEL6dO.jpg

    You're done!
    That said, you will have issues with certain apps leaving it like this.
    You should to hide the fact that your phone is rooted.

    Check out the Passing SafetyNet tutorial further down below!
    I very much discourage to EdXposed your phone unless you have a very good reason for it.
    It's a pain to pass SafetyNet.
    It doesn't get updated often.
    It has very niche use cases for which it's actually worth it.


    That said, I explain it here for people who know what they're getting into and want instructions on how to do it.

    This procedure requires to be rooted with Magisk.

    Step 1
    Inside Magisk Manager, go to the Modules tab.
    Click the search button (bottom right) and search Riru.
    Install the Riru module by Rikka.
    Activate it and Reboot.

    TllFEIp.jpg

    smEPpXN.jpg

    Step 2
    Download and install the latest EdXposed Manager, the same way you did with Magisk Manager when rooting.

    Step 3
    Open it up, go to the ALPHA tab and click install/update.
    It'll start a file download.

    1GF2hIW.jpg

    Step 4
    Go back to Magisk Manager, Modules tab, except this time click Install from Storage.
    Point to the .zip
    file you just got, located in the Downloads folder of your phone.
    At the end of the installation, click reboot.


    Step 5
    Let's double check your installation is operational.
    Go to EdXposed Manager, first tab.
    It should say EdXposed Framework is active.


    JvuOjMg.jpg

    You're done!
    You should now be able to install EdXposed modules.
    That said, you will have issues with certain apps leaving it like this.
    You should to hide the fact that your phone is EdXposed.
    Check out the Passing SafetyNet tutorial further down below!
    For Magisk Rooted Phones
    Enable Magisk Hide inside Magisk Manager's settings.
    You may also need to use the Props module to spoof your phone as another, if you want a tutorial on that, let me know.

    For EdXposed Phones
    Again, I highly recommend not EdXposing your phone and sticking to just Magisk if you can help it.
    You should also know that this method will show you're passing SafetyNet inside Magisk but it's a pain to do and isn't as well hidden as Magisk alone.
    Step 1
    - Do the step for Rooted phones listed above if not done already.
    Step 2 - In EdXposed Manager, get the HiddenCore Module and activate it.
    Step 3 - Now, in the side-menu: Compat List > tick HiddenCore Module.
    Step 4 - Then, go to Settings > Framework > Enable "App List mode".
    Step 5 - Finally, Applications(Black List) and tick: Android Services Library, Chrome, Google Play services, Google Play Store, Google Services Framework

    Reboot and enjoy! You're all set and SafetyNet should pass.
    Step 1
    Pick your poison in the Treble Forums!
    My recommendations are in the Extras section of this post.

    Step 2
    Download the chosen ROM's A/B Arm64 version
    It should be an .img.xz file
    Extract it and you'll get an .img file.

    You're almost ready to flash.
    Make sure to backup your phone's data.
    Continuing this tutorial will wipe your phone!

    Step 3

    Put your phone into fastboot mode.
    (Power + Volume Down)
    Connect it to your PC.

    Step 4
    Move the .img file you downloaded to your ADB & Fastboot (Platform Tools) folder.
    Rename it to system.img

    Step 5
    Shift + Right click in an empty space inside the folder,
    And click Open PowerShell window here.

    Inside the PowerShell window, input the following commands line by line, in order.

    .\fastboot.exe reboot fastboot
    .\fastboot.exe --disable-verification flash vbmeta .\vbmeta.img
    .\fastboot.exe flash system .\system.img
    .\fastboot.exe -w
    .\fastboot.exe reboot

    Your phone will now reboot on its own.
    Set it all up and enjoy!
    That said, depending on how old the GSI you picked is, you MAY have issues leaving it at that.
    Therefore, I highly recommend checking out the next tutorial section about Fixing GSI Issues.
    I have worked together with a developer to bring fixes for our device to every custom GSI rom out there.
    The most recent GSI's shouldn't need the fixes listed below.


    Older GSI (treble) roms have two known bugs that we can fix:
    • The brightness slider being misscalibrated, and therefore auto-brightness broken too.
    • The headphone jack not working.
    You need to be rooted to do so.

    Step 1 - Get yourself a Terminal Emulator, I recommend Termux
    Step 2 - Type the following commands inside of it, line by line, in order:
    su
    setprop persist.sys.qcom-brightness $(cat /sys/class/leds/lcd-backlight/max_brightness)
    setprop persist.sys.overlay.devinputjack true

    You're done! Brightness should be fine, headphones get detected, enjoy!
    Backup all the data you might have on your phone to restore it after the manipulation!

    Step 1
    Download the fastboot ROM corresponding to your region here.
    (The same one used to grab the boot.img and vbmeta.img when rooting)
    And extract it.

    Step 2
    Download the latest MiFlashTool.
    And extract it.

    Step 3
    Put your device in fastboot mode.
    (Power + Vol Down, refer to the rooting tutorial for a more info)
    And connect it to your computer via USB.

    Step 4
    Open MiFlashTool (XiaoMiFlash.exe), your device should appear in the list.

    Step 5
    Click the Select button in the top left,
    And point to your fastboot ROM's folder
    (The one containing the "AP", "BP", "BP_IN", "images" folders and a bunch of files)

    Step 6
    At the bottom right of the software, choose if you either want to just:
    clean all
    (wipe and re-install)
    OR
    clean all and lock

    (wipe, reinstall and re-lock your bootloader)

    Note: If you re-lock your bootloader but wish to unlock it again later, you won't have to wait the 7 days again.


    Step 7
    Finally, in the top right, click the flash button.

    Now just wait a while, your phone will reboot on the stock rom and you're good to go!

    Extras

    Q: Will unlocking my bootloader void my warranty?
    A: No, it will not, it's easily reversable too, check the "Resetting your phone" tutorial.

    Q
    : I rooted/EdXposed my phone and now Netflix won't even open, or doesn't work properly, what's up with that?
    A: There's an easy fix if you have Magisk. Install the liboemcrypto disabler Magisk module, activate it and reboot.

    Q
    : I tried unlocking my bootloader but, Mi Flash Unlock doesn't detect my phone, even though it's in fastboot mode and connected. Help?
    A: Here are some things you can try:
    • Try another USB port.
    • Try another USB cable.
    • Install the Mi USB Drivers manually, they're included in the MiFlashUnlock folder.
      Run the driver_install_64.exe, OR go to the driver folder, then the folder corresponding to your windows version, right click the android_winusb.inf and click Install.
    • In the Device Manager, check that the driver provider is Xiaomi.
      If not, uninstall it and restart your computer.

    WmkBs0W.jpg
    4
    If you want to say "join in fastbootd", you just have to say "join in fastbootd".
    And don't say "just type reboot and it will works".

    System partition is not present in stock rom firmware. If it is present in GSI, just say "it is only for GSI".
    If you dont like misinforming, just write enough informations. That's simple.
    Just reboot to fastbootd doesn't makes no changes.
    What matter is what you do inside it.
    We humans can understand if you try to explain it.

    The goal is to have a step by step, easy to follow guide.
    Using fastboot reboot fastboot will bring you into fastbootd which you need to flash system.
    Writing that up in the guide will just confuse people further, all people want to know is how to do things properly.
    In any case I'll be adding it to the faq part later I suppose, for people who are confused by that command.

    PS: I've re-formatted the original post to improve readability. Let me know what you think!
    2
    Thanks Akitake for the guide, we all appreciate the effort that went into this!

    I have successfully installed CAOS, and wanted to ask if anyone else was having any bugs similar to mine.
    I am unable to lock phone into landscape mode, and signal always shows an X as though I have no signal, but it works normally.

    Aside from these 2 minor bugs, COAS is working great (y)
    2
    what are the possible ways that you can brik your phone? im just asking so i know what to avoid
    writing wrong commands or downloading wrong firmware
    just follow the guide