Or you can install dconf-editor. Use it to prevent your Linux desktop environment from automounting the device (if it's in Download Mode this shouldn't happen anyway, since the internal filesystems are unavailable). My host is Ubuntu LTS 22.04.2.
Now you are learning.
I too had issues with passing USB device from host to guest. And I'd already did the modprobe/blacklist of cdc_acm. But it's working now, I can Odin flash from the VMed Windows. Besides Windows Odin, you'll also need to install the official Samsung USB drivers, so Odin will recognize it. Only necessary for Windows Odin, native Linux Odin doesn't need this step.
However, if you will just follow the instructions in 1st post, you wouldn't need the VM Windows for flashing, Linux Odin would work.