Actually the Tab charges fine (albeit slowly) from a USB, you just have to be aware of a few things. Firstly as mentioned above some USB ports provide more power than others. Try the different ports on your machine and you'll soon figure out which ones work best. Secondly, while the Tab will display the "Connect your charger" message, it is actually charging. Go into Settings, About Phone, Status and watch the battery level. It'll take a while but will creep up. Finally, it charges faster when the Tab is switched off. ie: if you're actually using it, you won't get a charge, if you have it in standby with screen off, it'll charge slowly (takes most of a day for a full charge) and if the Tab is switched off, it'll go a lot faster (though still not as fast as with the power adapter.)
This is good to know as you can plug it in to your computer and let it set on your desk at work all day and know that it is slowly trickle charging.
I also found that plugging the USB cable into an Apple adapter (from an iPhone) brought up the same "Connect your charger" message, but did charge the Tab, faster than a USb but not as well as my samsung plug.