Well thanks first to
@deadman96385 for sharing this root method.
Next, huge thanks to
@rainydaze for his quick response last night to my questions. With his help I was able to finally get my Verizon Palm PVG100 rooted!
So for anyone still interested I'd like to add some tips that helped me get this done along with some troubleshooting.
My main issue was when I had the Palm in edl mode the Sugar app asks to download drivers but then times out with a server error and never downloads them.
But
@rainydaze was able to send me a link to the Qualcomm drivers needed for the phone to be recognized while in edl mode (otherwise widows just says unrecognized and the sugar app can't communicate with the phone.)
Here is the link he sent me:
Step-by-step guidelines to install the Qualcomm USB Driver on Windows Computer using the official Qualcomm Driver Setup.
gsmusbdriver.com
Once the drivers installed it immediately found my device and started installing them on my old Windows 7 laptop.
Next I chose pvg100 from the drop down and clicked update. This took a very long time (I'm guessing they are not prioritizing their servers to complete these downloads very quickly!)
So it took almost an hour before it finally downloaded and installed the firmware, and the phone rebooted automatically.
The reason you want to leave the Sugar app open once it says finished and "successes"

is because the firmware that it just took an hour to download gets deleted right when the app is closed. So that's why you want to copy to your desktop or somewhere else first.
I saw some questions on renaming the "B" mbn file (which is the stock boot image). So this might be helpful:
1)Copy the "B".mbn file to any android phone that has magisk installed (even if it's not rooted that's fine, you are just using the patch feature of Magisk).
2) Click the Magisk install button (the first one, not the app one)
3)Choose Select and patch a file (it can patch a file with the extension of mbn and doesn't need to be renamed yet)
4)The magisk patched file will have an "img" extension instead of mbn. So on your computer you have to enable the option to see the file extension on all files (this is usually hidden by default and there are different ways to do this depending on your computer so you will have to Google that)
5)Now you take the magisk patched file and rename it to the exact name it was before with the mbn extension instead of the img extension.
6)Paste that over top of the original one in the firmware folder you saved.
7)Then paste that entire folder back into the bin directory (the original one should have disappeared because you closed Sugar).
8)Now put your phone back in edl and reconnect it and when you click update instead of it taking an hour to download from their servers it will think that the downloading is already done because there is a new firmware folder in it's bin.
9)This update process should be much faster (mine jumped from 2% to 45% right away). But even though it's using your new firmware it still needs an internet connection on your computer to work (I tried turning off the internet to make sure it didn't download the same firmware again, but the connection fails and won't work).
10)Use a USB jump drive or Google Drive to get the Magisk Manager apk onto the Palm and then install (you probably should use the same Magisk Manager version that you used to make the patch).
DONE!
Hopefully that helps out anyone else who is stuck. And thanks again to members like
@rainydaze who helped someone out that they've never met just to be nice! That's what makes XDA great!