Update:
After a bit of testing, it seems like the issues have nothing to do with each other (or at least they can happen independently), so I'm listing everything separately for the sake of clarity. I've rebooted the phone about 20 times so far, and I couldn't find any correlation between the issues and a cold boot, reboot, boot from charging screen or a boot from recovery (though iirc both of the "big cores disabled" cases I could reproduce so far happened after my phone reached 0%, I plugged in a charger and THEN booted the OS, so I'm trying that next). Most of these tests were done with airplane mode on, and no obvious resource draining applications in the background (Facebook, Discord, GPS tracking, etc). Nothing changed between each case besides me turning the phone on and off, nothing was installed, no settings were modified, nothing was disabled that wasn't before, etc.
As a side note, the "SOC" and "Battery" temperatures reported by the sensors are completely meaningless. I have never seen them at anything other than 29°/30°, whether I left the phone out in direct sunlight or a 2° fridge. It could also be DevCheck not knowing how to read the values correctly - either way, disregard those.
Issue: Phone gets 10-15°C hotter when charging
Explanation: Does NOT happen when charging from the USB port of a computer. DOES happen when charging from the USB port of a charging brick/adapter/outlet/powerbank, but not always. Has nothing to do with the cores being enabled or disabled. This is with the phone booted into the OS, I haven't tried testing it with the "battery screen" yet (turning off the phone completely, waking it up by plugging in the charger and letting it display the battery graphic without turning the phone on and booting the OS), or the stock MIUI ROM (could just be Qualcomm/Xiaomi weirdness which has nothing to do with this ROM).
Issue: Cores are unable to enter deep sleep
Explanation: Affects both little and big cores, though I couldn't get a scenario where both were enabled but only one of them couldn't enter sleep. This has the incidental side effect of raising the phone's idle temps by about as much as the battery charging issue (to roughly 50° at 0% CPU load), since the cores are always running at 302 MHz or higher, even with the screen off. This is SEPARATE from the battery issue, which happens regardless of the cores being online or able to enter sleep. Interestingly, charging the phone from a computer can temporarily cause this (both clusters CANNOT enter deep sleep while the phone is being charged, but CAN enter it once the cable is disconnected). I thought adb and developer options might be the cause of this at first, but it happens every time even if they're disabled (strangely, trying to open an adb shell connection to the phone and turning the screen off immediately makes it unusable, as if it was updating once every 15-20 seconds, exactly what you would expect if the phone was entering some sort of power save mode - yet it still reports the deep sleep time as 0:00:00 and the phone gets warmer than idle).
Issue: Big cores are unable to wake up from deep sleep
Explanation: Could potentially affect little cores as well, but once again I couldn't find a case where only the big cores were online. I also have cases where
1) big cores are
offline, little cores
cannot sleep
2) big cores are
offline, little cores
can sleep
3) big cores are
online, both
cannot sleep
4) big cores are
online, both
can sleep
so the cores being offline and unable to sleep are likely separate issues as well. (
Edit: I should note as well that in both cases I've seen so far, the big cores don't just go offline and fail to wake up after some point, it's more like they
start disabled, from the very first second the phone boots.)
Issue: Phone reaches dangerously high temperatures with light use
Explanation: Unfortunately I couldn't get this one to reproduce so far, the initial case was about reaching 96°C with only a Chrome tab open, and the big cores disabled. It's possible this was an edge case that happened as a result of the phone running at 100% CPU load for an extended period of time while also being charged. The highest I could reach since then was 80°, cores offline or not. Regardless, it would be nice to get to the bottom of this since it's arguably the most important issue of the four. I know SoCs adjust their clocks based on the thermal limits and <= 99° is still technically safe, but it's far hotter than I've ever seen this phone run in the 5+ years of me owning it and I'm not convinced Xiaomi actually specced this thing to withstand that temperature for multiple hours. The plastic covering the LED flash on the back of my phone is
warped, literally deformed, because of the heat it was subjected to over the years.
Screenshots of three separate cases (open in a new tab):
https://i.imgur.com/4wVuwpR.png
On boot #1, the big cores were offline and the little cores couldn't ever enter sleep (during 8-9 hours of various use throughout the day, including with airplane mode on, every app closed, the screen turned off and the phone left on my desk for over an hour)
On boot #2, the temperatures rose to 45°-50° whenever the phone was connected to an AC charger. The back of the phone would be noticeably warm after half an hour of charging. Both core clusters were online and could sleep, the temps returned to idle after disconnecting the charger.
On boot #3, plugging the phone into a USB charger caused the cores to be unable to sleep. Disconnecting it from USB and trying an AC charger instead allowed the cores to sleep again, but strangely, this time it
wouldn't cause a heating issue (the back of the phone was cold, CPU temps were the same as with USB charging)
dmesg and logcat dumps from every case are also attached, in case they have anything useful.