I think you over simplify things, as this does not solve the task to get an adopted SD

. I like to have an internal adopted SD that is encrypted. Then beside I don't have seen a Windows since 20 years and don't think I need it for Android.
I know about weak or broken SDs, this one is a sane and genuine Samsung, checked with b3 with a complete write/read without issues.
Can you reproduce that within the Android Settings, formatting as mobile and back as internal makes the Settings application crash?
The mobile SD is working as you described, just can't get is working as adopted.