Which gallery app are you using? The one included in LineageOS? I consider this device to be a trophy phone now as it is 10 years old, so I think modern style tasks running on old hardware would indeed be more cpu intensive compared to old versions of software. Also, the battery is only 1650mAh in capacity which is tiny compared to more modern phones of similar size such as a Sony XZ2 Compact, Pixel 4 or Galaxy S10e. Which are all close to the 3000mAh capacity.
I have a couple of ideas which might help.
1. Try a different gallery app from F-Droid such as Simple Gallery. You might find an alternative which has thumbnail settings to be less cpu intensive.
2. Try an aftermarket oversized battery. I don't know what's it's like to use, so I'd love to hear back about this. Here's one example which is 3500mAh and comes with a custom sized back cover.
Link