I am actually pretty shocked more people aren't mentioning Dolphin. It's far faster than stock, even Chrome IMO. Only Opera may be faster (only on some websites and marginally so, slower on others) however Opera's UI is awful and featureless.
The real edge is the UI. The UI blows every other browser out of the water. It has a format very similar to chrome on the PC (more so than Chrome for mobile interestingly enough), works seamlessly, and is still faster than the rest. I have tried them all, and Dolphin is the best by far IMO. It has the whole package.
It also allows add-ons, which allow you to do things like sync your bookmarks with desktop chrome browsers.